深部高温-高湿-高尘环境强负荷作业状态呼吸器捕尘机制

Coal mine is an area with high incidence of pneumoconiosis in China. Personal protection is an important measure to effectively prevent pneumoconiosis. The coupling effect of high temperature- high humidity-high dust-heavy load operation in deep mine will challenge the dust prevention performance of respirators. At present, there are still some deficiencies in the basic research on dust filtering mechanism of mine used filtering facepiece respirators. This project takes the respiratory hemisphere of human body as the research space, the floating coal dust as the research medium, and the heavy load workers as the research object. Through the innovative research methods of individual sampling, real-time breathing monitoring, quantitative analysis and characteristic environment simulation, the dust pollution characteristics of the individual respiratory hemisphere in the deep mining face and the human breathing characteristics under the medium-heavy-extremely heavy labor intensity are obtained, then the micro-environment characterized with “high temperature-high humidity-high dust” and the physical head model are simulated and established. On this basis, a simulated testing system for mine used respirators is built to systematically study the internal relationship between environmental characteristic parameters, dust physical parameters, human breathing characteristics and respirators’ performance index, combining with the field measurement of individual protection factor of sample population, the dust capturing mechanism of respirator in deep mine characterized by high temperature, high humidity and high dust environment under heavy work load is comprehensively revealed. The project will provide guidance for the testing, selection, design and optimization of coal mine used respirators.

煤矿是我国尘肺病高发区，个体防护是有效预防尘肺病的重要手段，而深井高温-高湿-高尘-强负荷作业的耦合作用会对呼吸器防尘性能形成挑战，目前针对矿用自吸过滤式呼吸器滤尘机理的基础研究还存在不足。项目以人体呼吸半球区为研究空间，浮游煤尘为研究介质，强负荷作业人员为研究对象，通过个体采样、实时呼吸监测、定量化分析和特征环境模拟的创新研究方法，获得深井采煤工作面个体呼吸半球区粉尘污染特征和中-重-极重劳动强度下人体呼吸特征，建立深部“高温-高湿-高尘”仿真模拟微环境和全仿真物理人头模型。在此基础上，搭建矿用防尘呼吸器仿真模拟测试系统，系统研究环境特征参数、粉尘物性参数、人体呼吸特征与呼吸器性能指标的内在联系，结合样本人群个体防护因数的现场实测，全面揭示深部高温-高湿-高尘环境强负荷作业状态呼吸器捕尘机制。项目可为矿用呼吸器的测试、选用、设计及优化提供指导。

煤矿是我国尘肺病高发区，个体防护是有效预防尘肺病的重要手段，而深井高温-高湿-高尘-强负荷作业的耦合作用会对呼吸器防尘性能形成挑战，目前针对矿用自吸过滤式呼吸器滤尘机理的基础研究还存在不足。本研究以人体呼吸半球区为研究空间，浮游煤尘为研究介质，矿井强负荷作业人员为研究对象，通过个体采样、实时呼吸监测、定量化分析和特征环境模拟的创新研究方法，获得深井采煤工作面个体呼吸半球区粉尘污染特征和中-重-极重劳动强度下人体呼吸特征，建立深部“高温-高湿-高尘”仿真模拟微环境和全仿真物理人头模型。在此基础上，搭建矿用防尘呼吸器仿真模拟测试系统，系统研究环境特征参数、粉尘物性参数、人体呼吸特征与粉尘颗粒穿透率、颗粒最易穿透粒径、吸气阻力、品质因数等呼吸器关键性能指标的内在联系，全面揭示了深井湿热高尘环境强负荷作业状态呼吸器捕尘机制，可为矿用个体防尘呼吸器的测试、选用、设计及优化提供指导。.项目团队开发的新型可佩戴式呼吸监测仪，破解了无干扰作业状态下呼吸流量实地实时监测难题，可用于实地获取人体作业状态呼吸特征，为呼吸器研发及其测评标准制定提供基础参数；研发的对呼出气体具有加热增湿功能的仿人呼吸仪，可用于尘毒极端危害环境呼吸器仿真评测研究；构建的呼吸器仿真模拟测试系统，可综合分析呼吸流量、粉尘污染特征、佩戴时长等多因素偶合作用对呼吸防护用品的过滤效率、呼吸阻力和品质因数等关键性能指标影响；开发的不同类型矿用个体防护装备，如矿用自吸式个体防护半面罩、矿用智能动力送风式个体防护全面罩、矿用个体粉尘职业危害防护服等，可广泛应用于矿工呼吸防护。.以项目负责人为第一发明人身份申请国家发明专利30项（已授权9项）、登记软件著作权8项，构筑起了完备的核心技术体系。以项目负责人为第一/通讯作者发表SCI论文8篇，填补了矿工呼吸防护的研究短板。