酸性H2O2基燃料电池用陶瓷纳米阵列复合阴极的制备及构效关系研究

The fuel cell using H2O2 as oxidant has important advantages such as efficient, clean, simple,reliably and the potential of H2O2 reduction in acidic medium is more 0.9V than that in alkaline medium. However, the energy density of the fuel cell is actually far lower than the theoretical value because of the defect in structure, corrosion and catalytic performance of the H2O2 cathode.This project prepared a composite electrode having better property in liquid mass transfer, catalytic activity and stability. The electrode used foam metal as base materials and ceramics nanoarrays as electrode support materials, then the noble nanoparticles was deposited on the nanoarrays. The effects of electrode structure, active component of the noble nanoparticles, H2O2 concentration, temperature and constitute of electrolyte on catalytic performance was studied and the influence factor and mechanism of electrode performance in acidic medium were learnt. The constitute, structure,the preparation method and condition of electrode in acidic medium were found. All these work would lay solid foundations for improving performance of the fuel cell with H2O2 oxide.

采用H2O2为氧化剂的燃料电池，具有高效、洁净、简单、可靠等突出优点。酸性介质中H2O2电还原电势比碱性介质中高0.9V，但由于其阴极结构和催化性能上的缺陷导致电池实际能量密度远远低于理论值。本研究采用泡沫金属为电极基底，在其上制备陶瓷纳米复合阵列作为电极支撑体，再沉积贵金属纳米颗粒构成复合催化剂，制备液相传质性能、催化性能及稳定性均较佳的电极。通过对电极的结构、贵金属纳米活性组分、H2O2浓度、温度、电解质等对电极性能影响的研究，了解酸性介质中影响电极性能的主要因素及机理。确定酸性介质中最佳电极的组成、结构、制备方法及制备条件。为进一步提高H2O2基燃料电池性能打下坚实基础。

采用H2O2为氧化剂的燃料电池，具有高效、洁净、简单、可靠等突出优点。由于其阴极结构和催化性能上的缺陷导致电池实际能量密度远远低于理论值。本课题研究了系列新型的H2O2电还原催化剂和阴极材料；从催化剂活性组分、电极结构形貌、制备方法及催化性能等方面进行了系统的实验研究和机理分析，同时，研究了电池阳极材料的抗腐蚀性能。设计制备了Pd@SnO2/Ni电极，二氧化锡纳米棒垂直生长在泡沫镍表面，Pd纳米粒子修饰在纳米棒顶端，构成了三维立体结构。该电极在高浓度的H2O2溶液中具有极佳的催化活性和稳定性。制备了Pd-M/C（M为Cu、Co、Fe）系列催化剂，过渡金属的掺杂明显提升了Pd/C催化剂的催化活性，其原因主要是降低Pd粒子粒径，改变Pd电子分布。采用蓖麻油和SiO2纳米粒子掺杂，在Mg合金表面制备了环氧有机涂层，环氧有机涂层具有一定的防腐蚀性能，适量的蓖麻油和SiO2的添加可大大提高复合涂层的防腐能力。分别组装测试了Mg-H2O2半燃料电池和Al-H2O2半燃料电池性能，以PdCu/C为阴极的Mg-H2O2酸性半燃料电池的最大能量密度达到168mW/cm2（室温）；以Pd@SnO2/Ni为阴极的Al-H2O2碱性半燃料电池最高能量密度达到275 mW/cm2（50ºC）。这些成果为进一步提高H2O2基燃料电池性能打下坚实基础。