开采沉陷大位移大变形及其动态过程预测方法研究

The law of surface and rock strata movement, which is of the characteristics of large displacement and large deformation, is changed by new resource exploitation methods. Since the traditional final approach can't predict the time dependent process of surface movement, it is difficult to carry through the scientific mining lay out and to select the rational precaution. On the basis of the actuality and developing current in this field, large displacement large deformation of mining subsidence and its progressive prediction are studied. The measurement and simulation of large mining subsidence deformation is established. The limitation of linear elastic theory is determined. When the rotation angles are larger than 40 the linear elastic measurement errors would beyond the critics indices of coal regulations mining under buildings, railroads and water bodies. The relationship between incompatibility of micro-rotation and fracture is confirmed from the viewpoint on the compatibility conditions of deformation. Based on the Knothe time function and probabilistic integration, the prediction of progressive subsidence has been demonstrated, and the factor of proportionality, describing the influence of geological and mining conditions on the deformation process in time has been determined when there is no measured material in practice. The sources of model experimental errors caused by equivalent theorem, equivalent material, boundary condition, temperature and humidity are analyzed, The patterns of movement distribution resulted from compression and splitting on the model boundary are obtained, and the improved method of model experimental accuracy is proposed. The solutions are helpful to provide theory and technique parameters for precise prediction of surface subsidence and selection of reasonable precaution to minish the mining damage.

新的资源开采方法，改变了传统的岩层与地表移动规律，使之具有大位移大变形特征。综合运用大变形力学、应用数学等学科，以实验实测为依据，以理论分析为基础，以计算机为工具，对开采沉陷大位移大变形及其动态预测方法进行多学科交叉研究，不仅能推动该学科的发展，而且有助于生产实际中相关问题的解决具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。