基于透明木头功能化的VO2/木质纤维素/聚合物多元复合体系及界面特性研究

Transparent wood have become attractive candidates for energy-saving window materials due to its lightweight, good earthquake-resistance, high strength, high visible light transmittance and low thermal conductivity. Transparent wood is composite materials which facing serious challenges, such as low strength and high haze, due to the incompatibility between lignocellulose and polymer filled materials. Focused on the interfacial science of transparent wood, the main content of this project was listed as follows: 1) Establishing an analysis model for wood-polymer interface to clarify the mechanics and optical properties resulted from multidimensional and multi-component microscopic structure and related interface via simulation and calculations; 2) Developing the modified interface layer to improve the strength of transparent wood and reduce its haze degree; 3) Design and preparation of VO2/lignocellulose/polymer composite structure for developing the transparent wood that can adjust temperature intelligently and achieving its miltifunction. Eventually, the project will establish an experimental and theoretical foundation on high performance intelligent energy saving windows for practical application.

透明木头是一种新型的木基复合材料，具有质轻、抗震性好、强度高、透光率高和热导率低等特性，是最具前景的建筑节能窗材料之一。由于构成透明木头的木质纤维素与聚合物填充材料存在的界面不相容现象造成透明木头强度低、雾度高等问题，限制了透明木头走向实际应用。本项目针对透明木头研究中的关键材料和界面科学问题，基于功能化的透明木头开展如下研究：利用计算模拟建立木头(木质纤维素)/聚合物界面分析模型，阐明透明木头多维多组元微观结构和界面状态对材料力学、光学性能的作用机制，通过添加木质纤维素/聚合物界面修饰层，优化木质纤维素/聚合物的界面相容性，提高透明木头的强度并降低其雾度。在此基础上，选定具有热致色变特性的VO2为节能核心功能单元，设计制备VO2/木质纤维素/聚合物多元复合结构体系，开发具有智能调温功能的透明木头，实现透明木头的功能化，为开发和研制新一代高性能智能节能窗并走向实用化奠定理论和实验基础。

透明木头是一种具有前景的建筑节能窗材料，但是由于构成透明木头的木质纤维素与聚合物填充材料存在的界面不相容现象，会造成透明木头强度低、雾度高等问题，限制了透明木头实际应用。本项目研究以木材和木材纤维素为对象，通过去木质素并填充透明树脂、提取木材纳米纤维素等方法，解决了木基材料透明性的问题；通过酯化改性处理、正十八硫醇改性处理等方法，解决了木基材料耐水性的问题；通过木材纳米纤维素-透明树脂复合等方法，提高了木基材料的力学性能；通过木基材料-具有近红外屏蔽功能的CsxWO3或红外调控能力的VO2纳米颗粒复合，拓展了木基材料在节能采光窗、柔性透明薄膜、透明导电薄膜、人体热管理服和电致变色服、电磁屏蔽、导热散热等领域的应用。