微波靶向合成混凝土聚羧酸超塑化剂机理/热-非热效应/动力学研究

As a modern high performance concrete key component， polycarboxylic ether superplasticizer (PCE) plays an irreplaceable role. However, classical heating technology used widely at home and abroad exists obvious temperature gradient. It makes the PCE production large energy, loog time, wide distribution of the molecular weight of the polymerization products and poor performance. The technology of microwave target synthesis(MTS) has become popular for its cleaning, efficiency and target. The technology is applied in the systhesis of PCE. It can achieve the “instantaneous” preparation and optimization of narrow distribution of the high molecular weight. Also, it promotes new molecular structure generation.The project studies that the process and technical parameters of PCE by MTS have effects on PCE-cement based materials properties. The molecular self-heating effect and overheating control mechanism are described by reactant equivalent dielectric constant through artificial neural network back propagation method. The molecular structure and morphology、polymerization rate and activation energy of PCE by MTS and classical heating method are compared. Microwave athermal effect mechanism and the microcosmic kinetics of microwave polymerization are established. Finally the universal law of microwave polymerization molecular self-thermal/athermal effect-microcosmic kinetics of polymerization-structure-performance of MTS-PCE are revealed. The theories of MTS for superplasticizer are established，which provide theoretical and technical support for the microwave targeted synthesis functional PCE.

聚羧酸超塑化剂(PCE)作为现代高性能混凝土关键组分发挥了不可替代的独到作用。但目前国内外普遍采用常规水热技术的热传导存在明显温度梯度，使得PCE生产耗能大、耗时长、聚合产物分子量分布宽、性能差。微波靶向合成(MTS)技术，因具有清洁、高效、靶向等特点而倍受青睐；用于PCE合成，可实现“瞬时”制备、降低能耗、优化分子量高度窄分布，促使新分子结构生成。本项目研究微波靶向合成PCE工艺和技术参数对水泥基材料性能的影响规律；通过人工神经网络反演法求得的反应物等效介电常数来阐述分子自热效应与过热控制机制；对比微波靶向合成与常规合成PCE的分子结构与形态、聚合速率与活化能进而确立微波非热效应机理与微波聚合微观动力学；最终揭示微波靶向合成PCE的“微波聚合分子自热/非热效应-聚合微观动力学-分子结构-性能”间的普遍规律，确立微波靶向合成超塑化剂理论，为微波靶向合成功能型PCE提供理论和技术支撑。

聚羧酸超塑化剂(PCE)作为现代高性能混凝土关键组分发挥了不可替代的作用，给混凝土在工作性能、力学强度以及耐久性能等方面带来巨大变革，开启了化学功能材料改性混凝土材料的新时代。本项目主要围绕“微波聚合分子自热/非热效应-聚合微观动力学-结构-性能间的相互作用机制”的关键科学问题展开研究，项目研究成果全面揭示微波靶向合成PCE工艺和技术参数对水泥基材料性能的影响规律；通过YBR法、K-T法求得聚合体系单体竞聚率值，对比分析了微波诱导与传统热诱导法对聚合反应竞聚率的影响规律；通过人工神经网络反演法求得的反应物等效介电常数来阐述分子自热效应与过热控制机制；对比微波靶向合成与常规合成PCE的分子结构与形态、聚合速率与活化能进而确立微波非热效应机理与微波聚合微观动力学。项目研究成果对提高我国外加剂的技术水平，加速现代“低耗能、绿色、低碳”混凝土技术的发展，以及提高我国混凝土外加剂技术在国际上的影响力起到积极的作用，并对聚合物的结构和性能可控提供科学依据。相关研究方法可以应用于其他类似合成高分子材料的研究。