高速铁路轨道结构服役状态空时特性和精细化管理的研究

Based on summing up and absorbing the existing research in the domain of railway-track service state, applying the real-time detecting data of the high-speed railways, this subject aims at proposing an accurate mathematical function to fully disclose the high-speed railways' space-time characteristic on service state from the perspective of time, frequency, time-space domain and dynamical responses through using theories and methods of digital signal processing, probability statistics, optimization, and finite element, etc. In view of the researches on the further analyzing of measurement data and dynamical analyzing of high-speed vehicle/rail-line coupling systems, and explorations on the relationship between high-speed railway track irregularity exciting and railway comprehensive system's dynamical responses, an accurate representation for qualitative analysis and a proper function for quantitative analysis upon this statistical law will be both put forward. From the above research results on space-time characteristics of railway service state and excitation-responses relating laws of the vehicle/track coupling dynamical system, this subject can propose an integrated method of analyzing the railway-track's service state, and build up the corresponding assessment indexes and thresholds in time, space, time-space and energy domain, and finally form an comprehensive and scientific monitoring and evaluation system of the high-speed railway track structure service state. Based on the evaluation system, we can realize the meticulous management directing at the high-speed track structures' service states.

吸收铁路轨道服役状态领域的既有研究成果，基于高速铁路的实时检测数据，运用现代数字信号处理、概率统计、优化、有限元动力分析等理论进行分析，从时域、频域、时频域、动力学等角度全面揭示高速铁路轨道服役状态的空时特性，提出数理函数表达式。基于对实测数据的深化分析和高速列车-线路耦合系统的动力分析两个方面的研究，探讨高速铁路轨道不平顺激励与车-线综合系统动力响应之间的关联规律，提出定性的表述方法和定量的数理特征函数。基于对高速铁路轨道结构服役状态空时特性和车-轨耦合系统激励与响应关联规律的研究，提出一种高速铁路轨道服役状态的综合分析方法，建立相应的时域、频域、时频域及能量的评定指标和阈值，形成一套全面、科学的高速铁路轨道结构服役状态的评价系统。利用该评价系统实现对高速铁路轨道结构服役状态的精细化管理。

铁路轨道结构服役状态对行车完全、乘坐品质、结构寿命、运营维护等具有非常重要的意义。本课题针对轨道结构服役状态的空时特性、列车-轨道综合系统激励与响应关联规律和用于铁路精细化管理的轨道结构服役状态评价方法等主要内容开展了详细深入的研究，取得了如下研究成果：（1）提出了高寒铁路、高速铁路的功率谱密度函数（PSD）和百分位谱；（2）提出了线路几何形变的时－频域联合监测方法，可有效识别部分轨道结构病害；（3）提出了用于车辆－轨道系统动力极值及可靠度预测的轨道不平顺概率模型；（4）提出了一套适用于城市轨道交通的无砟轨道结构参数；（5）丰富、完善了列车－轨道系统动力学模拟技术和方法；（6）提出了一种用于轨道几何状态恶化预测的铁路轨道几何不平顺演化模型；（7）提出了一种精度高、稳定性好的轮轨力预测方法——NEMD_NARX模型；（8）提出了一种基于霍特林统计量的轨道结构服役状态的评估方法。这些研究成果对铁路轨道领域的设计、运维具有重要的参考和应用价值，对相关科研人员有一定的借鉴意义，期待在铁道工程领域产生较好的影响力和经济价值。