珠江口西岸基塘系统格局演变及其生态系统服务流研究

Dike-pond System of Pearl River Delta is an artificial wetland ecosystem with multiple ecological and economic functions. The dike-pond system, however, has been observed the increase of agricultural and fishery production while degradation of modulatory functions such as water quality and biodiversity, which leads to intension of man-earth relationship. This project tries to develop analysis on the relationship between usage modes and quantity and variation of spatial pattern and transformation of ecological system service integrated with multiple perspectives from macro-middle-micro scale, qualitative and quantitative and static and dynamic according to the focus on internal service of dike-pond system only in previous studies which lacks of exploration to the ecological service of dike-pond system while current studies has transferred to relationships such as provide and consume, spatial pattern and transformation, tradeoff and synergy. The analysis will be on the basis of some theories including territorial system of man-earth relationship, landscape ecology, and service geography of ecological system using methods of spatial analysis and multi-objective optimization scenario simulation, etc. Analysis will also be implemented in the project for exploring the service transformation of ecological system under multi-scale characteristics and mechanism, multi-scenario of the dike-pond system in order to theoretically discover the interactive relationship and mechanism of the pattern-process-response of ecological system of the dike-pond wetlands as well as practically explore the effective pathway of protection of significant degradation of the ecological landscape. The studies are able to provide theoretical basis for the design, layout optimization and strengthen of sustainability and resilience of regional wetland ecological system of the dike-pond system.

珠三角基塘系统是具有多种生态经济功能的人工湿地生态系统，但近几十年里已出现农渔产品增加而水质、生物多样性等调节支持功能退化的现象，人地关系趋于紧张。本课题针对以往研究仅关注基塘系统内部结构或环境，缺乏探讨基塘系统生态服务，以及生态系统服务研究已转向供给与消费、空间格局与流动、权衡与协同关系的现状，以人地关系地域系统、景观生态学、生态系统服务地理学等原理为理论基础，集GIS空间分析、多目标优化情景模拟等相关技术方法，综合宏观-中观-微观、定性与定量、静态与动态的多重视角，分析基塘系统不同利用模式、数量与空间格局变化与生态系统服务流的关系，重点探讨基塘系统的多尺度特征与机制、多情景下的生态系统服务流动，拟在理论上揭示基塘湿地生态系统服务格局－过程－响应的交互作用关系与机理，在实践上探索保护典型退化的生态景观的有效途径，为基塘系统设计、布局优化以及增强区域湿地生态系统可持续性及恢复力提供理论基础

项目以珠江口西岸基塘系统为研究对象，按理论分析-实地调查-模型模拟-对策设计主线展开，以揭示基塘系统空间格局演变及生态系统服务流动为核心，集GIS空间分析、多目标优化情景模拟方法，从基塘系统演变特征及驱动机制、基塘生态系统服务评估、基塘生态系统服务之间的关系与权衡、基塘系统演变及其生态系统服务流的关系等四大方面，展开珠江口西岸基塘系统格局演变及其生态系统服务流研究。.对于基塘系统演变特征及驱动机制，系统梳理了珠江三角洲基塘系统研究情况，提出需加强珠三角基塘系统演变机理、系统重构技术、农业文化遗产保护价值与途径的研究；面向对象的分类技术研究表明针对遥感影像的光谱特征能准确提取基塘系统信息（中观-微观尺度信息）且具有较高的分类精度；揭示了城市化进程下珠江西岸基塘内外部发展特征及其驱动机理。.完成多种生态系统服务的定量评估，揭示粤港澳大湾区景观格局发生显著变化、破碎化程度加深，景观的空间异质性不断增强；揭示了林地、基塘和耕地为多种生态系统服务的主要贡献者，并划分出生态系统服务空间保护成效区域。.基塘生态系统服务之间的关系与权衡研究，系统梳理了湿地生态系统服务权衡/协同过程与机制的研究方法、进展，提出研究方法需扩展与完善、需厘清权衡/协同形成过程与机制、需系统科学并多学科交叉研究；揭示珠江三角洲供给服务、调节服务间存在的权衡/协同效应，提出需对不同土地利用采取合理配置的格局；揭示了多情景模拟下的粤港澳大湾区的供给型服务在历史趋势情景下的权衡程度最大，而不同的供给型服务与调节型服务在生态保护情景下权衡程度达到最大，且有利于提高粤港澳大湾区的生态系统服务供给能力。.基塘系统演变及其生态系统服务流研究，揭示了粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局及构建的生态廊道，模拟得出未来主要生境退化区，为城市生态规划提供科学的参考依据；以生态建设为目标将生态功能区划分为生态保育区、生态控制区和生态协调区，明确各功能区的主导生态功能。