中空碳纳米纤维基三维柔性超级电容器电极材料的制备及电化学性能

Supercapacitor as a new energy storage device has broad applications in manyfields. However, the development of it has been limited by the specific capacityand cycling stability of electrode materials.3D flexible hollow carbonnanofiber/carbon nanotube/nano polyaniline compositesused assupercapacitor electrodesare prepared by coaxial electrospinning and in situ polymerization, which combines the high cyclingstability, high power density of carbon nanofiber and high specific capacity ofpolyaniline. The effect of preparation conditions on thestructure of composites and electrochemical performance of electrodeswill be studied in detail. The relationship between them will be discussed comprehensively. Thesynergistic mechanism of electric double-layer capacitor and pseudocapacitor willbe illustrated, which will lay theoretical foundations for design andpreparation of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Finally, theelectrochemical performance of electrodecan be improved significantly bystructural optimization at the nanometer scale: specific capacity≥1150 F/g,the power density≥90kW/kg, theenergy density≧30Wh/kg, the specific capacitance decay≦10% after 10000 cyclesunder a current density of 1 A/g.The prepared composites have potential applications in wearable electronics, portable electronics, electric vehicles and other products.

超级电容器作为一种新型的储能器件具有广泛的应用前景，目前电极材料的比电容量和循环稳定性是制约其发展的主要因素。课题结合碳纳米纤维高循环稳定性、高功率密度和聚苯胺高比电容的优点，采用同轴静电纺丝和原位聚合制备一种三维、柔性中空碳纳米纤维/碳纳米管/纳米聚苯胺复合自支撑膜作为超级电容器电极材料；详细研究复合电极材料的可控制备方法和电化学性能，建立制备条件-微观结构-电化学性能间的构效关系，阐明双电层电容和法拉第赝电容协同作用的机理，为新型超级电容器电极材料的设计、控制制备奠定一定理论基础；最终通过在纳米尺度上的结构优化有效提升复合电极材料的电化学性能，电流密度为1 A/g 时比电容≥1150 F/g，功率密度≥90 kW/kg，能量密度≥ 30 Wh/kg，持续充放电10000次比电容衰减小于10%，以期实现其在可穿戴、便携电子产品、电动汽车等领域的应用。

柔性超级电容器作为一种新型的储能器件在便携式电子设备、智能服装领域具有广泛应用前景，目前电极材料的比电容量和循环稳定性是制约其发展关键因素。项目以实验室自制的二元丙烯腈聚合物作为前驱体，通过同轴静电纺丝，经预氧化、碳化制备得到孔径和壁厚可控的中空碳纳米纤维并获得其可控制备方法；将其作为超级电容电极支撑材料，采用原位氧化还原和水热合成的方法制备得到三种不同结构形貌的复合电极材料，研究了制备工艺条件与电极材料结构形貌见的关系规律，详细讨论了复合电极材料形貌对电化学性能的影响规律，最终制备得到一种比电容高达1986F/g（电流密度为1 A/g）得中空碳纳米纤维基复合电极材料，阐明了储能机理，组装得到一种轻质、柔性对称型超级电电容器，其在在便携式电子设备、智能服装领域具有潜在应用前景。