江淮平原东部新石器时代人地关系研究

Abstract: The Yangtse and Huai River Drainage Area locates in Jiangsu Province, south of the Huaihe River, west of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, east of the southern Yellow Sea Lixiahe plains. The interaction of three rivers (the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River) and one sea (Yellow sea), the region become the land at the late Holocene. At the same time, the Neolithic appears to flourish to decline. Despite these preliminary works about the environmental archaeological research by the Quaternary researchers, for example, study on shoreline change, Holocene climate evolution, the distribution and evolution of ruins, there is a lack of studies of using the ancient ancestors of ancient geography, geographical characteristics to carry out economic and cultural activities. This study proposes the analysis of the land process in the region under a century -scale demonstration based on the effect of three rivers and one sea using a variety of environmental indicators. This study shall select of the typical site of important agricultural activity evidence and remains, and provide some case studies to research on the man-land relationship of Neolithic in the Yangtse and Huai River Drainage Area. We focus on a different surface topography demonstration unit (lagoons, salt marshes, shallow lakes, marshes, land) on the main Neolithic culture promote economic activity and blockade. The results of this research will deliver new insights on prediction the future trend of the theory of man-land relationship, and will thereby significantly improve a case study of the past theory of man-land relationship at in eastern coastal regions of Yangtse and Huai River Drainage Area. Keywords: Eastern Plain Regions of Yangtse and Huai River Drainage Area, Holocene environmental, Neolithic, Theory of man-land relationship, Changes in land and sea

江淮东部平原是江苏省长江以北，淮河以南、京杭大运河以西，南黄海以东的里下河平原地区。该地区在三河（长江、黄河、淮河）一海（黄海）综合作用下，全新世中后期逐渐成陆，并伴随着新石器文化在该地区出现、蓬勃发展至衰亡。第四纪研究者就海岸线变化、全新世气候演变与遗址的平面分布，做了环境考古研究。古代先民如何利用和依赖古地理环境，开展有地域特色经济与文化活动，研究较少。本项研究，采用多种环境指标，分析论证百年尺度"三河一海"综合作用下研究区的成陆过程。并选取典型遗址重要的农业活动证据与遗存，展开江淮东部平原新石器时代人地关系研究，着重论证地表不同的地貌单元（泻湖、盐沼、浅湖、沼泽、陆地）对新石器文化主要的经济活动促进与阻滞作用。为预测未来人地关系的趋势，提供一个过去沿海地带人地关系研究的实例。 关键词：江淮东部平原 全新世环境 新石器时代 人地关系 海陆变迁

环境考古多注重于温度、降水、干旱、洪水对古文明延续、发展和衰亡的影响。江淮东部地区平原，是北方龙山文化和江南良渚文化的交汇区。前人的环境考古研究关注史前文化与全新世气候事件与海面波动。而史前文明的兴衰与这一地区江河入海、海面波动、三角洲成陆等地貌演变密切相关。良渚文化是如何跨过长江？江淮东部古地理环境如何影响新石器文化的兴衰？。这些科学问题有待重新认识和解答。.研究内容：对江淮地区的史前遗址，就空间分布、遗址性质，范围大小等因素考量，选择代表性的考古遗址采样做年代、硅藻、孢粉、粒度等指标分析。同时选取这一地区全新世海陆过渡地带自然剖面，建立年代框架，进行粒度、孢粉、藻类等指标分析。重点用藻类化石与孢粉综合分析，相对准确的划定当时的岸线位置和地貌水文状况，找出不同时期史前遗址分布的古环境限制与促进因子。.重要结果是推论出江淮东部海岸线距今10-4cal kaBP的位置。约10-7cal kaBP，建湖地区东部可能为海湾或潮下带环境，西部可能为为潮间带。约7-4cal kaBP东部为潮上带，西部可能为泻湖低地，垫高可成为史前遗址的基底地层。海水可以从入海河流和滩涂潮沟上溯至内陆或潮上带，。另一结果是根据江淮东部良渚文化遗址的分布和内涵，结合全新世的成陆过程，推定良渚文化北上的可能路径为：沿海岸线北上；利用南京以下的古长江河道中的沙洲，跨江北上。.科学意义是江淮东部新石器环境考古，与我国北方与内陆的影响因子（温度和降水）不一样，海面波动与入海河流带来的泥砂形成的泻湖-水网低地，才是这一地区史前文化诞生-发展-衰亡的最关键的地理因子；从环境考古角度解答了“良渚文化如何过江”可能途径。