新型自适应消防炮流固耦合动力学与协同优化研究

The fire monitor is a kind of the firefighting equipment, whose performance is of great influence on the personal and property safety. The conventional fire monitor has a fixed muzzle opening, which leads to the narrow flow range. The stiffness of the fluid (water or foam) in the monitor and the radial stiffness of the suspended flow guiding components are both low, which accounts for the system resonance and the jet divergence. Therefore, the performance properties, such as jet height, jet range and jet stabilization time, are limited to be improved. Aiming at the problem, a novel adaptive fire monitor is proposed and based on the adaptive mechanisms, the muzzle opening can vary with the system pressure and the flow rate. The adaptive fire monitor has a wide flow range, far jet distance and high stability to improve its firefighting ability. The investigations aiming at the adaptive fire monitor are conducted as follows: (1) The implicit matching relationship between the system flow and other properties is analyzed and the theoretical model of jet trajectory is obtained. (2) The fluid-structure coupling models of two subunits of mechanism and fluid are obtained, based on which, the intrinsic characteristics of the linearized system is revealed and the stability of the nonlinear system is determined, and then the effects of the design parameters on the steady-state response of the system is analyzed. (3) By setting the key parameters as the design variables and the main performance indexes as the target goal, the collaborative optimization of the whole structure is conducted. This project can promote the theories of fluid-structure coupling and collaborative optimization, and also provides a theoretical reference for improving the performance of the fire monitor.

作为一种消防装备，消防炮的性能直接关系到人身和财产安全。传统消防炮的炮口开度不变，适用流量范围窄，且炮内流体（水或泡沫）的刚度与悬臂导流部件的径向刚度均较低，易发生共振而使射流发散，从而限制了消防炮的射程、射高和射流稳定时间等性能的提升。基于此，本项目构思了一种新型自适应消防炮，其炮口开度可通过自适应机构与系统压力、流量等参数相匹配，适用流量范围宽、射程远、稳定性高，可显著提高其灭火能力。本项目以该炮为研究对象开展以下研究：(1)解析系统流量和其它参数间的隐式匹配关系，建立其射流轨迹理论模型；(2)建立包含机械、流体两个子单元的流固耦合动力学模型，完成线性化系统的固有特性分析，确定非线性系统的稳定性，分析设计参数对系统稳态响应的影响规律；(3)以关键参数为设计变量，以主要性能指标为目标，对整体结构进行协同优化。本项目可推动流固耦合和协同优化理论的发展，同时为提高消防炮性能提供理论参考。

随着社会经济的不断进步与发展，仓库、商场、会展中心和剧院等建筑正在向高大密集方向发展，一旦发生火灾，施救难度大，极易发展成为重大、特大型火灾事故，从而造成巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡。消防炮具有大流量、远射程和高射高等诸多优点，目前已被广泛应用于各类大型火灾救援作业。.在本项目资助下，项目负责人设计了一种适用流量范围宽、远射程、高射高和高稳定性的自适应消防炮结构，确定了自适应消防炮射高和射程的预测方法，建立了自适应消防炮流固耦合动力学模型，揭示了各子单元及集成系统的固有特性，发现了自适应消防炮非线性耦合运动规律，解决了系统非线性动力稳定性、能量转换、分岔和混沌等动力学特性问题，完成自适应消防炮的协同优化设计，确定最终样机参数。所研制的自适应消防炮适用流量范围宽，可提高消防炮的射程、射高和稳定性等方面的性能，可有效提高海警船执法能力，快速高效地扑灭大型火灾，减少经济损失。. 项目负责人依托本项目研究成果，于2021年晋升副教授和博士生导师，获2021年“冀青之星”。在项目资助下，项目负责人以第一作者或通讯作者发表学术论文14篇，其中SCI检索7篇，EI检索10篇；已授权中国发明专利4项，授权日本发明专利1项，授权实用新型专利5项。. 在项目执行期内，项目负责人主持国家重点研发计划项目子课题2项，国家自然科学基金面上项目1项，河北省自然科学基金面上项目1项，国家重点实验室开放基金2项；项目负责人依托本项目研究成果指导研究生获中国亚太杯数学建模大赛铜奖；项目负责人将本项目研究成果与教学融为一体，培养学生创新能力，发表6篇教改论文，并在2021年获得河北省研究生课程思政教学名师(河北省研究生课程思政教学团队负责人)，2019年度燕山大学第六届青年教学标兵(全校2名/年)。