克隆整合在外来水生植物成功入侵中的作用与机理

Many notorious aquatic invasive plants are clonal plants which have the strong ability of clonal integration, but little is known about some roles and aspects of clonal integration on invasiveness. Based on the transdisciplinary theories and methodologies of individual, population and community ecology, with several aquatic invasive plants and their relative species as research objects, we investigate the different effects of clonal integration on invasive aquatic plants and their relative species under heterogeneous resource availability or distribution of pollution, and under the competitive environment of native aquatic plant communities, via methods of field, comparative, experimental and physiological ecology. The purpose of this proposal is to explore eco-physiological mechanisms of clonal integration in aquatic clonal plants, implication and mechanisms of clonal integration on the invasiveness of alien aquatic plants, and therefore to reveal some invasive mechanisms of alien aquatic plants more deeply. This research will provide important implications for development of theories in clonal plant and invasive plant ecology. Moreover, this research will deepen our understanding of proliferation and invasion of malignant aquatic clonal plants and their impacts on aquatic vegetation communities caused by environmental changes, which can provide important theoretical basis for the prevention and control of alien invasive aquatic plant.

多数恶性入侵水生植物都是具有较强克隆整合能力的克隆植物，而克隆整合对这些植物入侵性的影响及其作用机理尚不清楚。本研究以国内几种主要的入侵水生植物及其本地近缘种为研究对象，以个体，种群和群落学生态理论为基础，以研究克隆整合对入侵和本地近缘水生植物的影响差异为切入点，运用野外生态学，比较生态学，实验生态学和生理生态学等研究技术和手段，研究异质性资源或污染物质分布条件下、原生水生植物群落竞争环境下克隆整合对入侵和本地近缘水生植物的影响差异，探讨水生克隆植物克隆整合的生理生态机制以及克隆整合在外来水生植物入侵中的作用和机理，以期更深入的揭示外来入侵水生植物的入侵机制。本研究对丰富和发展克隆植物生态学和入侵植物生态学理论具有重要意义，同时有助于我们理解环境变化引起的恶性水生克隆植物的扩散、入侵及其对水生植被群落的影响，并可为水生植物入侵种的防治提供理论依据。

为探讨克隆整合特性在主要几种入侵水生植物成功入侵中的作用与机理，我们选取代表性植物喜旱莲子草和凤眼莲为研究对象，分别研究了在异质性资源环境、异质性干扰条件和原生植被群落竞争下入侵水生植物喜旱莲子草和凤眼莲的生长和生理生态响应。研究主要发现：两种典型入侵水生植物喜旱莲子草和凤眼莲均能得益于克隆整合作用，变现为匍匐茎连接（克隆整合）下的植物的生长、克隆繁殖、光合生理等显著提高；并且在斑块资源和干扰环境下入侵种相对于近缘或同生态型的乡土种能更得益于克隆整合，表现为更强的竞争力和劳动分工能力，表明克隆整合属性可能是外来水生植物成功入侵的关键性状之一。因此在水生植物入侵种的防控过程中，需重视其克隆整合特征而有针对性地制定防控措施；在引入水生植物之前，需将其克隆属性作为评价其潜在入侵性的重要指标之一。本研究丰富和发展了克隆植物生态学和入侵植物生态学理论具有重要意义，同时有助于我们理解环境变化引起的恶性水生克隆植物的扩散、入侵及其对水生植被群落的影响，并可为主要几种水生植物入侵种的防治提供理论支撑。