基于供应链协同的无线传感网自适应覆盖控制技术研究

Wireless sensor network is the major component of perception layer of the Internet of Things, and it is the origin of information data stream. Network coverage is the primary problem which is facing in the networking of wireless sensor network. Excellent coverage control strategy not only needs to ensure the validity and reliability in data collection field of traditional wireless sensor network, but also reflects the new features of the Internet of Things, such as wisdom and green communications. With the premise of fulfilling the coverage power demand of perception layer, current coverage control technology research focuses on the optimization of area coverage energy saving, it does not cross-layer consider the supply and demand changes of information in the architecture of the entire Inter of Things which resulting in a waste of lot of redundant data collection, energy and processes costs. This project finds that there is a striking similarity between the supply process of goods in Logistics and the information flow in the Internet of Things. Therefore, a supply chain collaboration strategy in the field of logistics is proposed to build a cross-layer information needs assessment model of wireless sensor networks. According to the dynamically changing traffic demand of the entire application layer, this project establishes an adaptive coverage control mechanism which can automatic match the best coverage topology. Preliminary research results indicate that through cross-layer assessment of business needs change and adaptive coverage control technology, this scheme can effectively reduce the redundant data collection under the premise of ensuring the reliability of information, it increases the lifetime of wireless sensor networks and reflects the good adaptability to different business needs.

无线传感网是物联网感知层的重要部分，是物联网信息流的起源。网络覆盖是无线传感网组网面临的首要问题，优秀的覆盖控制策略不仅要保证传统无线传感网数据的有效性和可靠性，而且要体现物联网智慧和绿色通信的新特征。当前对覆盖控制技术的研究侧重于在满足感知层覆盖能力的需求下进行节能的区域覆盖优化，并未跨层地考虑整个网络架构中信息供求关系的变化，从而造成采集数据大量冗余以及能量的浪费。本项目经研究发现物流中货物供应过程与物联网中信息流程有着高度的相似，因此通过引入物流领域的供应链协同概念，建立网络跨层的信息需求评估模型；并根据物联网应用层动态变化的业务需求，建立一种自动匹配最优覆盖拓扑结构的自适应覆盖控制机制。初步研究成果表明，本方案通过跨层评估业务需求变化和自适应的覆盖控制技术，可以在保证信息可靠性的前提下有效减少冗余数据的采集，增加无线传感网络的生存周期，并体现对不同的业务需求良好的适应性。

无线传感网中网络覆盖问题主要考虑网络生存时间及覆盖度两个因素，网络的生存时间与覆盖度是相互矛盾的，针对本问题项目组提出”供应链协同”的思想，将无线传感器网络从架构上分为：采集层、网络层、应用层。应用层按照自己的需求调控采集层对有效信息的采集，在满足应用层业务需求的基础上，最大限度地减少采集层的工作量，让更多的节点进入休眠状态，但在时域上实现全覆盖并保证整个网络的连通性。在本课题中，主要考虑层级信息供应链关系研究和覆盖控制策略两个关键问题。针对无线传感网层级信息供应链关系问题，项目组主要研究了节点感知模型、网络生存时间的影响因素以及信息供应链模型。此外，针对供应链协同的无线传感网络自适应覆盖控制策略的研究问题，项目组主要研究解决无线传感网节点覆盖方式、信息采集准确度与全网能耗均衡策略及基于业务流量自适应的动态覆盖策略。