南极普里兹湾和麦克默多湾虎鲸声信号特征研究

The acoustic characteristic is an important dimension on the ethology and population of killer whales, which can reflect the relationship between the killer whale and the environment. It is the focus of marine mammal researchers. Because of the terreble sea condition and the sea ice on the Southern Sea, the studies on acoustic signals of killer whales are very few. For the first time in China, our team has conducted underwater acoustic observations of marine mammals in the Antarctic. The preliminary analysis indicates that the acoustic signals of killer whales in different waters have some similarity and diversity. Based on the recordings observed in Prydz Bay and McMurdo Sound, the synchronized photographs and visual information, this project intends to clarify the acoustic characteristics of killer whales in the two different locations. Using correlation test and principal component analysis, this project also plans to assess the similarities and diversities of the acoustic signals produced by killer whales between the two locations of Antarctic. With studies on underwater vocalizations of killer whales in other locations, this project will also investigate the similarities and differences of the acoustic signals between the Antarctic Ocean and other locations. Though this project, we can fill in the gaps in the acoustic characteristic of killer whales in the Antarctic, and reveal the connection between the vocalization of killer whales and the environment. The results can help to develop the passive acoustic monitoring to assess the population size and the population distribution of the killer whales.

虎鲸声信号特征作为研究虎鲸生活习性和种群结构的重要维度，能反映虎鲸与海洋生态环境的相互关系，是海洋哺乳动物研究者的关注焦点。在南大洋受恶劣海况和海面浮冰的限制，国际上对南极虎鲸声信号的研究尚不深入，国内尚未对南极虎鲸开展研究。项目组于国内首次对南极海洋哺乳动物进行了水下声学与水面视像同步观测，对水下声学数据的初步分析发现南极不同海域虎鲸声信号具有一定的相似性和差异性。本项目拟利用项目组已获取的南极普里兹湾和麦克默多湾虎鲸的声观测数据以及同步的视觉观测资料，通过统计分析和理论诊断，研究南极两个海域虎鲸声信号的特征；利用相关性检验和主成分分析，定量评价南极两个海域虎鲸声信号的异同点，并探讨南极海域与其他海域虎鲸声信号的相似性和差异性。本项目的开展能够填补对南极普里兹湾虎鲸声信号特征研究的空白，初步获得虎鲸声信号特征与环境之间的关联性，为进一步开展被动声监测评估虎鲸数量和群体分布提供技术支撑。

虎鲸声信号特征作为研究虎鲸生活习性和种群结构的重要维度，能反映虎鲸与海洋生态环境的相互关系，是海洋哺乳动物研究者的关注焦点。在南大洋受恶劣海况和海面浮冰的限制，国际上对南极虎鲸声信号的研究尚不深入，国内尚未对南极虎鲸开展研究。项目组于国内首次对南极虎鲸进行了水下声学与水面视像同步观测。本项目利用已获取的南极普里兹湾和麦克默多湾的观测资料，通过统计分析和理论诊断，研究了两个海域虎鲸声信号的特征，统计了两个海域声信号特征的异同点，探讨了不同海域虎鲸声信号特征的相似性和差异性。本项目的开展1）填补了对南极普里兹湾虎鲸声信号特征研究的空白，探讨了虎鲸声信号特征与环境之间的关联性，形成了虎鲸声信号的特征样本，为进一步开展被动声监测评估虎鲸数量和群体分布提供数据基础；2）形成了对海洋哺乳动物声信号特征的一系列处理算法，可推广应用于其他物种，可为海洋哺乳动物的被动声监测提供技术支撑；3）开展了基于动物声信号特征和神经网络算法的动物在线识别系统的研制，通过三种动物实测数据的测试表明，该系统具有实时处理的能力，识别准确率能达到90%以上。