金属氧化物键连层状硅酸盐高分散体系的可控合成、机理与性能研究

The improvement of the use ratio of metals is an important and difficult problem because of their limited resources in nature. Improving the solid dispersion of metal oxides (MO) is an effective way to increase the utilization of MO. At present, the high dispersion of metal oxides is achieved by the synthesis of MO with novel morphology and the loading of MO. However, these two ways exist some problems, including the balance between cost and efficiency, the structure of MO easily collapsing in their application, aggregation and maldistribution. Therefore, in this project, we proposed for preparing a highly dispersed system consisting of MO with high dispersion bonded to the layered silicate magadiite. The aim of this project is to explore a synthesis and characterization method of a novel composites consisting of MO with high dispersion bonded to the layered silicate. To achieve the high dispersibility of MO, a novel kind of compound “pillared material” is proposed in this project. We develop a new route for the synthesis of several multi-dimensional MO pillars magadiite composites from the molecular level. The properties of the prepared materials were evaluated by optics and magnetism and catalytic alkanes. The relationship between the composition, dispersion and microstructure and properties will be studied in detail. The relationship between the high dispersion metal oxide and its corresponding physical and chemical properties will be built. This project will provide a solid foundation for the controllable synthesis of this typed composites, and will promote the development of the synthetic technology for the system with high dispersion of metal oxide.

由于金属资源的有限性，科研人员一直致力于解决金属利用率低这一难点；通过提高金属氧化物（MO）的固相分散性是提高MO利用率的有效手段。目前，通过制备特殊形貌与负载的方式来实现MO的高分散性，然而这两种方式存在成本与效率的平衡及MO结构在应用中容易坍塌、聚集或分散不均等问题。因此，本项目提出制备MO键连层状硅酸盐magadiite高分散体系的研究课题，旨在探索一种高分散MO键连层状硅酸盐中新型复合材料的合成和表征方法。本项目采用层状化合物柱撑的方式来实现MO的高分散性，开发从分子水平上合成几种多维结构的MO柱撑magadiite复合材料的新路线。采用光学和磁学性质及催化烷烃等手段评价材料的性能；深入研究材料组成、分散性及微观结构对性能的影响，构建高度分散的MO与其对应物化性质之间的关系，为实现此类复合材料的定向合成打下坚实的基础，推动MO高分散体系合成技术的发展。

由于金属资源的有限性，提高金属的利用率是科研人员一直致力于解决的难点；通过提高金属氧化物（MO）的固相分散性是提高MO利用率的有效手段。但传统方法，如制备将其制备成特殊形貌或担载，常存在成本与效率的平衡及MO结构在应用中容易坍塌、聚集或分散不均等问题。因此，本项目提出制备MO键连层状硅酸盐magadiite（mag）高分散体系的研究课题，将MO柱撑在廉价、环保、结构稳定的层状硅酸盐magadiite层间以达到提高分散性的目的。本项目在完成制备一系列高分散MO键连层状硅酸盐中新型复合材料的目标后，进一步探索了硅酸盐在储能领域的应用。本项目通过对金属型层状硅酸盐M-mag进行火烧或层间共沉淀等方法制备出MO键连层状硅酸盐mag高分散体系。通过对反应条件的调控，改变层间的金属含量及分散程度。通过气相或固相插层的方法实现了层间金属阳离子的配位，丰富了金属高分散体系的改性方法。此外，课题组还利用金属型mag转晶的方式制备出骨架含金属杂原子的分子筛。并通过苯乙烯催化反应说明分散在分子筛骨架中金属原子的金属效率被有效提高。最后，将mag转化为金属硅酸盐，具有良好的储能性能。发表了本课题相关的研究成果20余篇SCI论文。MO键连层状硅酸盐mag高分散体系的成功构建为提高MO利用率提供了行之有效且性能可控的新方法，为实现此类复合材料的定向合成打下坚实的基础，推动MO高分散体系合成技术的发展。一系列高性能金属硅酸盐电极材料的开发也有效拓宽了硅酸盐应用领域，为其发展提供更多的可能性。