古建聚落砖木结构类传统居住环境居民“自助式”保护与功能改善研究

There are large numbers of the traditional brick-wood structure houses and settlements in villages and towns of China, which formed the regional culture characteristics of those areas. The traditional brick-wood structure houses are the main integrant of the traditional settlements, however, which are gradually dying out in urbanization now, due to the deterioration of its functions and structural performances. Fujian is the coastal and mountainous province, which are the obvious characteristics in those traditional settlements. As the case study, this NSFC project will research for the self-help conservation and renovation in two traditional settlements..In the project, we'll introduce the residents participation model to combine the traditional building techniques with the mordant skills and building materials, and to apply multidisciplinary systems integration theories and methods to inhabitants self-halp conservation and renovation for their traditional settlement. As the results, we'll breakthrough on the life wastewater discharge and treatment systems, adding kitchen and toilet inside the traditional brick-wood structure houses, askew correction and strengthening of the traditional brick-wood structure system, improving natural lighting in interior space of traditional houses and thermal environments, and the technical controlling guide rule about the residents self-help participation to improve inhabited environments with the optimization of operating mechanism, etc. With the empirical case study, we hope to promote residents participation to improvement the traditional settlements environment and to protect the regional culture of villages and towns in Chain.

我国古建聚落存量大，是形成地域特色重要建筑文化遗产。砖木结构类传统民居是古建聚落主体，因功能劣化，在快速城镇化中面临消亡窘境。福建为经济后发沿海、多山省，古建聚落砖木结构类型特征明显、分布散且量大，具典型性和代表性。本研究择集镇型和乡村型2处典例，采用"自下而上"技术路线，研究居民"自助式"古建聚落保护与功能改善技术策略与激励机制。.引入居民"自助式"参与机制，将砖木结构营造技艺与现代技术结合，运用多学科系统集成理论与方法，研究居民"自助式"关键技术策略与运作机制，在水系统生态处理技术的排水排污体系改善、传统砖木结构民居内部厨卫设施增设、轻度木结构歪闪矫正与结构加固、室内"亮化"与热环境改善等技术策略，以及传统风貌保护下的居民"自助式"技术"底线"控制、居民参与的激励机制与运作模式建议等方面取得突破，并通过示范工程验证，推动符合国情"自下而上"居民参与古建聚落保护与功能改善工作的展开。

完成课题各项任务，探索了“政府引导、以居民为主体、社会参与的‘上下联动’保护和改善传统聚落人居环境，促进聚落发展”的实现路径。.完成福建省20余处传统聚落进行田野调查与数据采集，基于《中国历史文化名村尤溪县桂峰村保护规划》成果（省政府批复），完成传统聚落居住环境改善的居民“自助式”技术“底线”控制导则定制。.基于调查数据，完成对传统居住环境功能劣化肌理解析及其居民“自助式”技术策略的遴选和定位，确立了传统聚落居住环境改善适宜性关键技术策略体系，完成5项关键技术研发及其工程示范，包括：①传统聚落排水、排污体系改造与完善关键技术，②传统聚落空间形态保护与分类型环境整治关键技术；③传统民居建筑居住功能改造提升关键技术，其中包括传统民居功能改造提升技术、传统砖木结构民居内部厨卫设施增设排污体系和防火性能提升技术、室内“亮化”与居室空间热环境改善技术，轻度木结构歪闪矫正与结构加固等相关技术（其中又包括：④基于分布式光纤的传统古建木结构变形监测技术、⑤一种预应力钢丝绳木梁抗弯加固技术和耗能弹簧结合钢板的榫卯节点原位抗剪加固技术）等成果。.完成传统聚落居民“自助式”古民居居住功能改造提升关键技术导则4部及其实证：①示范点桂峰传统聚落分片区生活污水原位净化处理技术导则（试行）、②示范点桂峰分类型聚落街巷及公共空间界面整治及其传统风貌修复示范工程技术导则（试行）、③桂峰古村落玉泉书斋与七家楼修缮技术规程与修缮技艺、④居民“自助式”传统聚落综合功能提升的技术控制导则和运作机制（试行）。.提出：“以政府引导的‘自上而下’运作行动与以居民社会为主体的‘自下而上’有机结合的传统聚落保护与再生的社会行动的运作机制”，相关理论成果在《建筑学报》发表。.发表相关学术论文成果15篇（课题资助标注），获4项实用新型专利授权。培养毕业研究生17名、完成技术集成示范工程2处。