基于代谢组学系统评价水体中不同性质微塑料颗粒的生物毒性效应研究

Large accumulations of microplastics in the water threaten the environmental health and ecological safety. The toxic effects of microplastics to organisms receive widespread attention. Microplastics can be easily ingested by organisms and enrich in vivo, which result in toxic effects. However, the enrichment regulation and the toxicity mechanism are unknown. Systematic and comprehensive analysis is still very rare. Through initial exploration, we found that the enrichments of microplastics are different in different tissues, and metabolomic disorders were also induced by microplastics exposure. However, these phenomenons have not been reported, and further research is needed. This project intends to choose different properties (composition, particle size and surface charge) of microplastics as target compounds. Fluorescent labeling technology and metabolomics technology will be used to study the toxic effects of microplastics. This research aims to reveal the regulation of enrichment, distribution and excretion of microplastic in vivo, study the toxic effects of microplatics and its influence factors, elucidate the toxic mechanisms and discover sensitive biomarkers. The results of this project will provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the health risk assessment of microplastics.

微塑料在水体中的大量积累，威胁环境健康和生态安全，其对生物体的毒性效应备受关注。微塑料易被生物体摄入，并在体内富集产生毒性，但其富集规律和致毒机理尚不明确，缺乏系统全面的解析。我们初步探索发现，微塑料在动物不同组织器官的富集过程存在差异，此外微塑料还可导致动物血清代谢组紊乱，相关研究未见报道，有必要开展深入研究。本项目拟以水体中不同性质（成分、粒径和表面电性）的微塑料颗粒作为研究对象，借助荧光标记技术和代谢组学技术，系统研究水体中不同性质微塑料颗粒的生物毒性效应。研究旨在揭示微塑料颗粒在动物体内的富集、分布和排泄规律；深入剖析微塑料颗粒的生物毒性及其影响因素；阐明不同性质的微塑料颗粒对生物体毒性作用的微观机理，并筛选相应的敏感的分子生物标志物，为系统评价水体中微塑料的健康风险提供理论指导与科学依据。

目前微塑料污染受到广泛关注，微塑料的健康风险亟待研究。本项目以微塑料作为研究对象，借助荧光标记技术，建立了生物体微塑料富集分布定量解析方法，动态分析了不同粒径的微塑料在斑马鱼和小鼠体内的富集分布规律，发现粒径大小显著影响微塑料在生物体内的富集。采用组织病理学、酶学生化指标和代谢组学方法，系统研究了不同性质的微塑料对斑马鱼和小鼠肝脏和肠道等组织的生物毒性和致毒机理，结果表明，微塑料主要通过诱发组织细胞氧化应激、脂类和能量代谢紊乱，导致组织炎症等毒性效应。此外，粒径和表面官能团显著影响微塑料的生物毒性。通过多元统计模型和生物通路分析，我们进一步筛选了对模型贡献大，且涉及关键通路的差异表达代谢物，作为微塑料生物毒性的标志物。本项目的研究结果可为进一步探索微塑料在生物体内的迁移过程和健康风险提供技术支撑和理论依据。