土壤水流动系统及其应用研究

The concepts of soil water flow systems have been established on the basis of the theory of groundwater flow systems in the saturated zone. Based on these concepts, field experiments were fulfilled by integrations of micro-topography, mulch and/or plant pattern of winter wheat and summer maize. Water potential, water content, chemical compositions of soil water, soil nutrients, temperature and microorganisms were monitored in detail in the framework of soil water flow systems. The temporal-spatial distribution of soil water, soil nutrients, soil temperature and microorganisms and their relations to the potential field and medium of soil water flow system were investigated. The interactive-dependent laws of these factors, their relations to crop production and the patterns of soil water flow systems under the cropped lands have been preliminarily found out by this research. Two-dimensional models of water flow and salt/nutrient transport were simulated to analyze the experimental phenomena and investigate or present possible patterns of soil water flow systems. The experiments and simulations have shown that the soil water evaporation may be significantly reduced and the subsystem of root sink may be extended through optimized patterns of soil water flow systems by integration of planting with micro-topography and/or mulch. The research achievements are of significant to the development of theory of groundwater flow systems, optimization of the field eco-environment and increase of crop production and water use efficiency.

在建立非饱和土壤水流动系统系列概念的基础上，把土壤水势、水分、水化学成分、养分、温度等信息纳入统一的土壤水流动系统系统理论框架中，通过理论分析、室内外试验和计算机模拟综合研究以上各因素间相互制约的内在规律及其与作物产量的关系。对于地下水系统理论的发展、优化田间生态环境提高农业产出和水分利用率具有重要意义。