无源感知网络中低延迟数据路由与调度算法研究

Currently, although the technology of Internet of Things (IoT) have been developed rapidly, the problem of node's energy supply greatly limits the large-scale application of IoT. As a result, the Battery-Free Wireless Sensor Networks (BF-WSNs) where the node can capture energy from environment and radio frequency, have been proposed and attract extensive attention from researchers. However, the captured energy remains divergent, limited and dynamic, which brings a huge challenge for real-time data transmission. In order to handle the above challenge, this project will focus on the research of low latency routing and scheduling algorithms in BF-WSNs. The main work includes: 1) For the one-to-one communication, investigating the algorithms to optimize the expected End-to-End latency, End-to-End delivery ratio and End-to-End transmission count considering the residual energy of node and the dynamic switching mechanism; 2) For the one-to-many communication, studying the minimum latency One-to-All and All-to-All broadcast scheduling algorithms by taking the broadcasting characteristics of radio transmission and charging delay into consideration; 3) For the many-to-one communication, constructing the energy-sensitive aggregation tree and designing the conflict-free schedule to reduce the aggregation latency by making use of nodes' residual and captured energy. This project will propose several algorithms and techniques to assist in reducing the transmission latency in BF-WSNs.

近年来物联网技术发展迅猛，但节点供能瓶颈极大地限制了物联网的大规模普适应用。为此，能够从周围环境或射频信号捕获能量的无源感知网络被提了出来并迅速获得了大量关注。但是，该网络中节点可捕获能量的差异性、有限性以及波动性为实时数据传输问题带来了巨大的挑战。针对上述挑战，本课题将研究无源感知网络中低延迟的路由和调度算法，主要研究工作包括：1）针对一对一通信问题，在考虑节点剩余能量和动态切换机制的基础上，研究优化端到端期望传输延迟、传输成功率和传输次数的分布式路由算法；2）针对一对多通信问题，结合无线传输的广播特性和节点的充电延迟，研究最小化延迟的One-to-All和All-to-All广播调度算法；3）针对多对一通信问题，在充分利用节点的剩余能量和可捕获的能量的基础上，研究能量敏感的聚集树构造算法和低延迟的无冲突调度算法。课题的开展将提出一系列算法与技术以帮助降低无源感知网络的传输延迟。

本课题针对无源感知网络中低延迟的路由和调度算法展开了研究。近年来物联网技术发展迅猛，但节点供能瓶颈极大限制了物联网的大规模普适应用。为此，能够从周围环境或射频信号捕获能量的无源感知网络被提了出来。但是，该网络中节点可捕获能量的差异性、有限性以及波动性为实时数据传输问题带来了巨大的挑战。针对上述挑战，本课题研究了无源感知网络中低延迟的路由和调度算法，主要研究成果包括：1）针对一对一通信问题，首次提出了无源感知网络中的节点能量模型和能量冲突问题，提出了多种优化传输延迟的分布式路由算法；2）针对一对多通信问题，结合无线传输的广播特性和节点的充电延迟，首次提出了无结构依赖的广播近似调度算法以及低延迟信标调度算法，并证明了近似比；3）针对多对一通信问题，在充分利用节点的剩余能量和可捕获的能量的基础上，分别提出了集中式和分布式的无冲突聚集调度算法，并证明了近似比。大量的实验结果表明提出的算法能够显著降低无源感知网络的传输延迟。相关研究成果发表于国际顶级学术会议和期刊，包括第一作者CCF A类论文5篇，CCF B类论文3篇，并获得了一定的学术影响力。