鸟类蹬跳起飞过程非定常高升力机制和柔性多体动稳定机理研究

The bird-like flapping-wing vehicle has unique advantages and great potential in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, wind resistance, stealth ability and safety. At present, the traditional take-off method of the bird-like flapping wing vehicle adopts the hand-throwing type, and lacks the autonomous take-off capability like a bird. This defect greatly limits its applicational range and capability in military and civilian applications. In response to this critical issue, the project takes two typical jumping take-off methods of birds as the research object to clarify the unsteady aerodynamic mechanism during take-off and the dynamic stability mechanism of flexible multi-body structure of birds during the jumping process and take-off process. The key techniques of aerodynamic characteristics under low Reynolds number, unsteady, high angle of attack and modeling of flexible multi-body dynamics couplling unsteady aerodynamics are carried out. Based on the breakthroughs of above theory and key technology, the design method of the structural and kinematic parameters during jumping take-off of the bird-like flapping-wing vehicle is explored. The achievement of project will further promote the application of bird-like flapping-wing vehicle in national defense security and disaster relief, so it has important scientific significance and engineering value.

仿生扑翼飞行器在气动效率、抗风能力、隐身性和安全性等方面具有独特的优势和巨大的发展潜力。目前仿鸟扑翼飞行器的起飞方式都采用手抛式，缺乏像鸟类一样的自主起飞能力，这一缺陷大大限制了其在军事和民用方面的应用范围和能力。针对这一关键问题，本项目以两种典型鸟类的蹬跳起飞方式为研究对象，以厘清起飞过程中的非定常空气动力学机理以及蹬跳起飞过程中的鸟类柔性多体结构的动稳定机理为总的研究目标，开展鸟类起飞过程中低雷诺数、非定常、大攻角气动特性研究和耦合非定常气动力的鸟类柔性多体动力学建模仿真等关键技术的研究，在上述理论和关键技术突破的基础上探索仿鸟蹬跳起飞扑翼飞行器的结构和运动参数的设计方法。研究成果将进一步促进该类飞行器在国防安全和灾情救援等方面的应用，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

仿鸟扑翼飞行器在气动效率、抗风能力、隐身性和安全性等方面具有独特的优势和巨大的发展潜力。目前仿鸟扑翼飞行器的起飞方式都采用手抛式，缺乏像鸟类一样的自主起飞能力，这一缺陷大大限制了其在军事和民用方面的应用范围和能力。针对这一关键问题，本项目以典型鸟类的蹬跳起飞过程为研究对象，开展了起飞过程中的非定常空气动力学机理的数值仿真研究，获得了鸟类起飞过程中影响升力的关键流场参数和气动机理；通过对鸟类蹬跳起飞过程中的多体动力学开展理论和运动仿真研究，获得了实现仿鸟稳定蹬跳起飞的关键运动参数的影响规律；基于上述研究成果，本项目完成了仿鸟弹跳机构的设计工作，并完成了相关运动学和动力学仿真，仿真结果表明该项目所设计的弹跳机构可以满足现有扑翼飞行器的弹跳起飞要求。未来工作将继续围绕仿鸟弹跳机构进一步开展实物加工和弹跳起飞的试飞试验。本项目的研究成果将进一步促进该类飞行器在国防安全和灾情救援等方面的应用，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。