紫外光固化、热固化和阴离子固化三种溶剂参与固化式静电纺丝的研究

Electrospinning (ES) is a simple, effective and highly versatile method which can be further developed for mass production of uniform, ultrathin and continuous fibers. Various modified ES techniques and applications of electrospun nanofibers have draw much attention in recent years. ES usually includes solution ES and melt ES. The challenge for conventional solution ES is that the utilization ratio of spinning solution is very low, namely, about 80-90 wt% spinning solution (organic solvent) volatilizes into air, which is a waste and pollution. So, it is still a challenge to develop new solventless ES techniques. Melt ES is a typical solventless ES. Here, we will explore three kinds of solvent-curing ES techniques: UV-curing ES, thermocuring ES and anion-curing ES. These three solvent-curing ES techniques have a common feature: the monomers in the jet polymerize rapidly in the presence of initiator (e.g., UV light, heat or anions) and then the electrospun fiber becomes solidified. Particularly, in this case, the utilization ratio of spinning solution is very high (more than 90 wt%). This project aims to systematically study the solidification mechanism of the fibers (e.g., oxygen inhibition in the UV-curing ES), influence of spinning parameters, morphology/structure controllability of the electrospun fibers, and the potential applications of these three ES techniques in fabrication of multi-functional fibers and wound dressing.

静电纺丝是一种简单有效、可以较大规模制备均匀、连续微纳米纤维的方法。研究和开发电纺技术以及电纺纤维的应用已被科研人员广泛关注。静电纺丝一般分为溶液电纺和熔体电纺。传统溶液电纺面临的挑战在于纺丝过程中，占有比例为80-90 wt%的有机溶剂全部挥发到空气中，纺丝原料利用率较低，造成浪费也污染环境。因此，研究无溶剂电纺技术是目前面临的挑战之一。熔体电纺是一种典型的无溶剂电纺。本项目拟研究三种溶剂参与固化式电纺技术：光固化电纺、热固化电纺和阴离子固化电纺，其本质是纺丝射流在外界条件（紫外光、热、阴离子）引发下，溶剂快速反应纤维固化，从而提高纺丝原料利用率（可达90 wt%以上）。本项目将深入研究这三种溶剂参与固化式电纺技术的纤维固化机理（例如紫外光固化电纺中的氧阻聚现象）、电纺参数的影响、电纺纤维形貌结构的可控性，同时探索在多功能纤维制备、伤口敷料等方面的应用。

静电纺丝是一种简单有效、可以较大规模制备均匀、连续微纳米纤维的方法。研究和开发电纺技术以及电纺纤维的应用已被科研人员广泛关注。静电纺丝一般分为溶液电纺和熔体电纺。传统溶液电纺面临的挑战在于纺丝过程中，占有比例为80-90 wt%的有机溶剂全部挥发到空气中，纺丝原料利用率较低，造成浪费也污染环境。因此，本项目研究了几种无溶剂电纺技术。熔体电纺是一种典型的无溶剂电纺，纺丝机理是熔体射流在高压静电场中被拉伸细化同时温度降低冷却固化成超细纤维。除了熔体电纺，本项目还研究三种溶剂参与固化式电纺技术：光固化电纺、热固化电纺和阴离子固化电纺，其本质是纺丝射流在外界条件（紫外光、热、阴离子）引发下，溶剂快速反应纤维固化，从而提高纺丝原料利用率（可达90 wt%以上）。本项目深入研究了这几种溶剂参与固化式电纺技术的纤维固化机理（例如紫外光固化电纺中的氧阻聚现象）、电纺参数的影响、电纺纤维形貌结构的可控性，同时探索了静电纺丝在多功能纤维制备、伤口敷料、纳米发电机、传感器、空气过滤等方面的应用。项目期间(2017.01-2020.12)在Nano Energy、ACS Nano、Nature Communications、Chemical Engineering Journal、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces等期刊上发表学术论文110多篇，参编英文专著2本；授权国家专利30多项，转让专利2项；在国内国际会议上做口头报告13次；获得省部级科技奖励2项目、市厅级科技奖励3项；承担各类科研项目11项；指导博士后3名，博士研究生2名，硕士研究生20多名。