路桥健康监测用微型压电发电装置研制与理论研究

The durability and safety of road and bridge are increasingly caused widespread concern. Traditional monitoring systems are not only costly and inconvenient to install, and hardly achieve real-time monitoring. The wireless monitoring system is low price and low installation cost, and has a reliable communications between sensors. However, development of micro power is lagging behind. As one of the critical components,it has become the main bottleneck of real-time health monitoring for road and bridge. Embedded micro power generation systems in road and bridge are still in its infancy at home and abroad. Based on considering the complex stress and harsh enviroment in the road and bridge, energy conversion efficiency of the micro piezoelectric power generator is studied; the charging rate and energy collection efficiency affected by circuit is conducted; then the effect of packaging materials and packaging methods on micro piezoelectric generator is discussed; last, the stability and durability of micro piezoelectric power generator is experimented. Finally, micro piezoelectric power generator for road and bridge health monitoring is got. It has a great promote for the health monitoring system of road and bridge in real time and with long lifespan, as well as it will provide the theories and methods for the development of other micro power sources.

路桥耐久性和安全性问题日益引起人们的普遍关注。传统的监测系统不但耗资大，而且安装不方便，且很难实现实时监测。无线监测系统确保了低廉的造价和安装费用,并使传感器之间的通讯可靠。但微型电源作为其中关键的基础部件发展相对滞后，已成为路桥长期实时健康监测的主要瓶颈。国内外在路桥用埋入式微电源方面研究还处在起步阶段。在考虑路桥复杂应力和恶劣环境的基础上，研究微型压电发电装置的力电转化效率，开展电路对充电速率和电能收集效率影响的研究，研究封装材料和封装方法对微型压电发电装置发电效率的影响；最后进行微型压电发电装置的稳定性和耐久性研究，最终得到可用于路桥健康监测用的微型压电发电装置。该项目研究为路桥实时、长期的健康监测系统发展具有很大推动作用，同时为开发其它的微型电源提供了可借鉴的理论和方法。

路桥耐久性和安全性问题日益引起人们的普遍关注。传统的监测系统不但耗资大，而且安装不方便，且很难实现实时监测。无线监测系统确保了低廉的造价和安装费用,并使传感器之间的通讯可靠。但微型电源作为其中关键的基础部件发展相对滞后，已成为路桥长期实时健康监测的主要瓶颈。本项目开展了埋置于沥青路面中的微型叠堆式压电换能器、钹式和开槽钹式换能器理论分析、有限元模拟及试验；压电复合材料的制备及性能评价；微型压电换能器的封装盒的设计和制备，微功率电路设计；以及微型压电发电装置耐候性和疲劳性能。研究得到了适合于路面能量收集的四种材料和叠堆式压电发电的力-电转化方程；选择出适合于叠堆式发电机的封装材料为尼龙，钹式换能器的金属帽材料为铜片；研制出叠堆式压电发电单元，开槽式微型压电发电单元和一种沥青基压电复合材料；设计了两种微电路。埋置于沥青混凝土中的叠堆式压电发电装置在不同温度和湿度长时间放置后，压电性能基本不变或者小幅降低；经50万次疲劳试验后，微型压电发电装置的发电能力略有增长。该项目研究为路桥实时、长期的健康监测系统发展具有很大推动作用，同时为开发其它的微型电源提供了可借鉴的理论和方法。