In the intestinal epithelium, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) secrete multiple hormones to regulate food intake, energy expenditure, gastric emptying, and glucose metabolism. Despite the well-known functions and applications of enteroendocrine hormones, the mechanisms regulating the specification and differentiation of EECs in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes are still elusive. Our study has found that, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), as a posttranslational modification on intracellular proteins, inhibits the expression of Neurogenin3 gene and the differentiation of EECs. Meanwhile, gut microbiota, by generating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), promotes O-GlcNAc signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. In the proposed study, we hypothesize that O-GlcNAc signaling, as a metabolic sensor of gut microbiota, regulates EEC differentiation and systemic energy and glucose metabolism. Our research will not only establish a novel mechanism for microbiota-host interactions, but also provide a potential target for future therapeutics for metabolic diseases.
肠道内分泌细胞(enteroendocrine cell,EEC)通过分泌多种激素作用于远端各代谢组织,调节摄食、能量消耗、胃排空及血糖代谢。虽然其分泌激素的功能研究已日渐清晰,并已运用到临床代谢疾病的治疗,但是我们对肠道内分泌细胞发生和分化的调节还知之甚少。我们的研究发现,O-连接的β-N-乙酰葡糖胺(O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine,O-GlcNAc)糖基化,作为一种细胞内蛋白的翻译后修饰,可以抑制Neurogenin3的表达和EEC细胞的分化。同时,肠道菌群可以通过产生短链脂肪酸促进肠上皮细胞内的O-GlcNAc通路。在本项目中, 我们假设O-GlcNAc糖基化可作为肠道菌群的代谢感受器,调控EEC细胞的分化及机体的能量与血糖代谢。我们的研究不仅将建立肠道菌群与宿主相互作用的又一分子机制,并为将来代谢疾病的治疗提供新的潜在靶点。
肠道内分泌细胞通过分泌多种激素作用于远端的各代谢相关组织,调控着机体的摄食、能量消耗、胃排空及血糖代谢等。O-GlcNAc糖基化作为一种翻译后修饰,影响着肠道上皮的功能及通透性,O-GlcNAc糖基化水平的下降是诱发肠炎的重要因素。我们的研究显示,食物中或肠道菌群产生的短链脂肪酸(SCFA)影响着肠道上皮细胞(IEC)中蛋白的O-GlcNAc糖基化水平。我们发现,O-GlcNAc糖基化转移酶(OGT)在IEC中特异性敲除的小鼠呈现出体重下降,葡萄糖耐受能力增强等代谢改善的表型。而OGT在IEC中过表达则导致血糖调节能力变差,胰岛素敏感性下降。通过对分子机制的研究,我们发现OGT通过增加转录因子FOXO1的O-GlcNAc修饰,削弱谱系分化调控的转录因子NGN3的活性,进而抑制祖细胞往L细胞的分化,导致GLP分泌减少,从而引发代谢相关的表型。此外,通过16s rRNA测序发现OGT在IEC中的敲除还导致肠道菌群的种类和数目发生改变。利用粪菌移植实验,我们观察到OGT敲除引发的肠道菌群改变也是敲除小鼠体重降低和血糖调控改善的原因之一。总的来说,我们的研究结果揭示了食物中或菌群产生的SCFA通过影响FOXO1的O-GlcNAc修饰,调控肠道L细胞的分化及机体的能量代谢。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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