基于振动控制与能量收集双重功能的半主动TMD理论与试验研究

Tuned mass damper (TMD) is an effective damping device which has been widely and maturely using for vibration control in civil engineering. By using electromagnetic transducer, the mechanical energy of TMD was consumed in the past, but it is nowadays converted into power energy, and then it is harvesting and using. The technology of energy harvesting is one of the effective methods, which is used as vibration energy recovery of civil engineering structures. And it is currently a research hotspot. The semi-active TMD system is proposed based on dual functional vibration control and energy harvesting in the project. The semi-active TMD system consists of a spring-mass unit, a damping energy harvesting unit, a response feedback and a resistor (damping) conditioning unit, and a power storage unit. The main research contents include as follows: dynamical models and simulation of the damping energy harvesting unit, the semi-active TMD system, and the coupled system of Structure-TMD; damping mechanism, damping performance and its impact parameter analysis; vibration control mechanism and its multi-damping parameter optimization, semi-active control algorithms and evaluation of energy conversion efficiency; test of semi-active TMD damping performance and energy conversion efficiency, test of a single degree of freedom structure -TMD coupled system test. A lot of theories are analyzed, and experiments are studied. The multi-parameter design theories of the dual functional semi-active TMD system are obtained, and the power conversion efficiency of energy harvesting is improved. The dual functional semi-active TMD system without external power energy will be designed and established, which is important to developing and using renewable energy of civil engineering vibration.

调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）是当今土木领域应用广泛且技术成熟的减振装置。通过利用电磁换能器，TMD阻尼元件消耗掉的机械能可转化为电能，进而收集利用，该技术是土木结构振动能量回收的有效方法之一，也是目前研究的热点。本项目旨在提出一种具有振动控制与能量收集双重功能的半主动TMD系统，该系统由弹簧－质量单元、阻尼能量收集单元、响应反馈与电阻（阻尼）调节单元及蓄电单元组成。主要研究包括：阻尼能量收集单元、TMD系统、结构－TMD耦合系统的动力学模型与仿真分析；阻尼机理、性能及影响参数分析；控制机理和多阻尼参数优化，半主动控制算法与电能转换评价指标研究；半主动TMD减振性能和电能转换效率试验，单自由度结构－TMD耦合系统试验。通过理论分析与试验研究，获取结构最优半主动减振性能的多参数设计理论，提高振动能量收集的电能转换效率，形成无需外部能源的双重功能半主动TMD系统，实现结构振动能量的可再生能源利用。

土木工程基础设施受风、地震、交通等外界荷载作用时，易发生大幅振动或产生大规模破坏。为降低或消除结构的动力响应，众多结构振动控制技术被研究。随着结构振动控制理论体系的不断丰富与完善，越来越多的振动控制技术应用到工程中，其中调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）是当今土木领域应用广泛且技术成熟的减振装置。本项目通过利用电磁换能器，将TMD阻尼元件消耗掉的机械能可转化为电能，实现结构减振控制与能量收集的双重功能。.本项目通过对双重功能的电磁调谐质量阻尼器的研发，开展了电磁调谐质量器的动力学模型分析、参数优化与减振实验。主要研究内容包括：1）能量收集单元设计、模型与实验研究；2）电磁集能式调谐质量阻尼器的参数优化研究；3）电磁惯质阻尼器对结构减振性能研究。.通过本项目研究，得到以下主要结论：1)研发的能量收集单元由滚珠丝杠机构、联轴器、变速箱、旋转式发电机等组成，其阻尼力模型主要是惯性力、电磁力和摩擦力三部分。2）建立了电磁调谐质量阻尼器、电磁调谐双质阻尼器和电磁谐振式调谐双质阻尼器与单自由度结构耦合减振的动力学模型；提出了基于主结构位移H2范数优化理论的性能评价指数和能量回收评价指标，实现了减振评价指标最优时，获得能量回收评价指标的方法。3）研究了自由振动和强迫振动时电磁惯质阻尼器对结构减振的减振性能，获得了惯质系数和电磁阻尼系数对结构减振影响，以及主结构阻尼比变化情况，揭示了惯质系数和电磁阻尼系数对结构减振影响规律。.本项目通过双重功能电磁调谐质量阻尼器研究，将为土木工程防灾减灾领域提供先进有效的方法，具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。