格栅状多级结构蚊子腿水面起降力学行为研究

The natural superhydrophobic surfaces and water surface movement function of small creatures living on water have attracted much attention in recent years. It is becoming the hot topic of the mechanics and materials science. Mosquito is a kind of common small creatures living on water surface, but its legs have a unique micronano-gridiron hierarchical structure and water surface motor function. The present work takes the mosquito leg as the object of the research, studying on the mechanics principle of the interaction between the leg and micronano-gridiron hierarchical structures and the water surface during the process of mosquito takeoff from and landing on water surface. Main contents of the study are: study on the movement mode and law of the mosquito leg during the process of the water surface takeoff and landing; emphasis on the experimental and theoretical studies of the dynamic process of a single mosquito leg pressing on and detaching from the water surface, analysis on the dynamic supporting ability and its influencing mechanism; study on the mechanics principle of the interaction between the micronano-gridiron hierarchical structures and the water surface from the microscopic angle, analysis on the role of micronano-gridiron hierarchical structure in the water surface motor function. This project aims to reveal the inherent property and mechanics principle of the behaviors of water surface takeoff and landing in the mosquito leg with micronano-gridiron hierarchical structures. The result provides theoretical base for bionics design and manufacturing of the related fields, such as the biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces, miniature aquatic devices and so on.

小型水面昆虫腿部的天然超疏水结构及水面运动功能近年来引起了广泛的研究兴趣，成为国际上力学和材料工作者争相研究的热点问题之一。蚊子是一种极为常见的小型水面昆虫，腿部拥有独特的微纳格栅状多级结构和水面起降功能。本项目以蚊子腿为研究对象，研究蚊子水面起飞和降落过程中腿部及表面微纳格栅状多级结构与水面作用的力学原理。具体内容包括：研究蚊子水面起飞和降落过程中腿部的运动方式和规律；重点对单根蚊子腿压向及脱离水面的动态过程进行实验和理论研究，分析蚊子腿部的水面动态承载能力及影响机制；并从微观角度研究蚊子水面起降过程中微纳格栅状多级结构与水面的作用方式和机理，分析微纳格栅状多级结构在蚊子水面起降功能中的作用。本项目旨在揭示微纳格栅状多级结构蚊子腿水面起降行为的内在特性及力学原理，为仿生超疏水界面材料及微型水面交通工具等相关领域的仿生设计与制造技术提供科学理论基础。

本项目以蚊子腿为研究对象，从宏观和微观两个角度出发，研究了蚊子水面起降运动过程中腿部表面的微纳格栅状多级结构与水面作用的力学原理及相关科学问题。首先设计实验方案并结合理论分析从宏观角度对一些影响因素，如蚊子腿部表面蜡质层、微纳观结构、柔性、下压角等因素对蚊子腿的超强水面承载力的影响规律进行了系统分析，并着重对蚊子腿部跗节部分的水面承载性能进行了研究；接下来从微观角度对蚊子腿部表面微纳格栅状鳞片结构与水滴的相互作用状态进行了实验观察，研究分析了蚊子腿部表面微纳格栅状鳞片的各向异性黏附机理；最后利用高速摄像机观察分析了蚊子水面起降过程腿部与水面的接触状态，揭示了蚊子腿部表面微纳格栅状多级结构在其水面运动过程中的动力学效应。相关研究成果不仅对于完善现有的水面昆虫水上运动机理，而且对于相关材料和结构的仿生设计都具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。