小型抑压式安全壳抑压特性及相变传热和压力、不可凝气体相互影响机制研究

Because the containments of Small Modular Reactors (SMR) are much smaller than the large PWR containments, their heat capacity is small and the internal pressure can rise rapidly after accidents. Thus, the PCCS technology used in large PWR cannot apply to SMR containments directly without any upgrades. New technology about heat removal and decompression must be included to ensure the small containments are under designed pressure limit following the postulated DBAs such as LOCA. However, using suppression containment is one of the main research directions in SMR design. In this project, based on theoretical analysis and experimental study, suppressant characteristics in suppression containment of Small Modular Rector will be researched. This research will confirm the key phenomena and parameters, reveal the law of these key phenomena, and clarify the mechanism of mutual influence between the key parameters. It also will establish mathematical model and experiment database of suppression containment of Small Modular Rector according to the experimental results and theoretical analysis. Furthermore, this research will also lay the foundation for suppression technology used in Small Modular Reactors of our country.

小型堆的安全壳尺寸显著小于大型压水堆的安全壳，热容小，事故后升压快。因此，大型压水堆的非能动安全壳技术不能直接照搬到小型堆上，必须增加新的降温、降压技术以确保LOCA等事故后安全壳内压力低于设计限值，而采用抑压式安全壳是目前小型堆设计中的主要研究方向之一。本项目基于理论分析和实验研究相结合的思路，对小型抑压式安全壳的抑压特性进行研究，明确小型抑压式安全壳的关键现象和参数，揭示各关键现象的规律，阐明各关键参数之间相互影响的机制，并结合实验结果和理论分析建立小型抑压式安全壳的数学模型和实验数据库，为抑压技术在我国小型堆中的应用奠定基础。

小型堆安全壳尺寸显著小于大型压水堆的安全壳，且热容小、事故后升压快。因此，大型压水堆的非能动安全壳技术不能直接照搬到小型堆上，必须增加新的降温、降压技术以确保LOCA等事故后安全壳内压力低于设计限值，而采用抑压式安全壳是目前小型堆安全壳设计中的主要研究方向之一。本项目基于理论分析和实验研究相结合的思路，对小型抑压式安全壳的抑压特性进行研究，主要得到以下成果：通过文献调研和分析，确定了小型抑压式安全壳的关键现象并建立了小型抑压安全壳的PIRT表。将抑压过程主要分为干井复杂空间内传热和湿井抑压池内传热。通过数值模拟和实验研究，分别获得破口关键参数和抑压射流参数如温度、速度、不凝气体等因素对传热的影响并建立经验关系式。基于PIRT确定小型抑压安全壳各关键现象的理论模型并获得一批小型抑压安全壳的实验数据。以上成果可以为抑压技术在我国小型堆、船用动力堆中的应用提供技术支持。