Unit supercapacitors have a low voltage and a low energy storage, which has limited its application in industry. High unit voltage is the most effective measures for increasing the energy storage of supercapacitors. Moreover, high voltage can decrease the resistance, the bulk, the heat, and the cost of supercapacitors. The project was to design a new hybrid supercapacitors with ultrahigh voltage and spiral-wound. Since BaTiO3 has a high permittivity, a low loss coefficient, and an ultra high dielectric breakdown strength, BaTiO3 is loaded on anode aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors and BaTiO3-Al2O3/Al composite is used as the anode of hybrid supercapacitors. At the same time, PANI-TiO2/Ti is used as the cathode of hybrid supercapacitors. Thus, a hybrid supercapacitor with high-performance is prepared in spiral-wound. This hybrid supercapacitor will share two significant characteristics: an ultra high unit voltage and a higher unit capacitance, through which a large scale new energy will be stored. The realization of this project will break through the energy storage mode of electrochemical capacitors and makes a meaningful exploration on the new electrochemical capacitors. Further, the implementation of the project is not only a trial of breaking a new research direction of electrochemical capacitors, but also provides experimental data for extending the applications of electrochemical capacitors.
低电压导致单体超级电容器储存能量低,阻碍了其商业化应用。提高单体超级电容器的电压是大幅度提高其储存能量的有效措施,高电压还带来电容器模块电阻低、体积小、发热量低和成本低等优点。项目提出设计一种新颖的超高电压、卷绕型"混合超级电容器"。利用BaTiO3较高的介电常数,较低的损耗系数以及超高的击穿场强的特点,以铝电解电容器用阳极箔为基材负载BaTiO3所形成的BaTiO3-Al2O3/ Al复合材料为阳极,以获得超高单体电压;以PANI-TiO2/Ti复合电极材料为阴极,以卷绕的方式制备高性能的混合超级电容器。所制备的混合超级电容器将同时具有超高电压和较大的单体容量,期望能够应用于规模化新能源储能。本项目的实施突破了电化学电容器储能方式,是对新型电化学电容器的有益探索,是对电化学电容器开辟全新研究方向的尝试,为拓展电化学电容器的应用领域提供了理论和实验依据。
电化学电容器具有功率密度高、循环寿命长、低温性能好、安全可靠和环境友好等优点,其兼顾传统电容器和电池的特点而备受关注。然而,目前的电化学电容器在能量密度方面还存在不足,制约了其在储能和动力领域的应用。项目将传统电介质电容器与电化学电容器两种不同类型电容器组合,设计一种兼顾这两类电容器优点的“混合电容器”。这种电介质-电化学混合电容器将既具有传统电介质电容器高电压的特点,又能保持电化学电容器高容量的优点。以商品铝电解电容器阳极箔(Al/Al2O3)做为阳极材料,以铝基活性炭涂层(Al/AC)作为阴极,以铝电解电容器电解液S330作为电解液,以卷绕的形式组装成卷绕式软包装Al/Al2O3║AC/Al型铝电解-电化学混合电容器。该混合电容器的电压为105V,容量为580μF,漏电流为21μA,损耗tanδ为0.2。混合电容器的质量能量密度为0.49 Wh/kg,是同规格铝电解电容器(0.23Wh/kg)的两倍多。以商品钛箔为基体,采用化学氧化和阳极氧化两种方法制备钛基TiO2氧化层,在相同条件下进行水热反应制备钛基BaTiO3介质层,得到阳极Ti/BaTiO3;以铝基活性炭涂层(Al/AC)作为阴极,以铝电解电容器电解液S330作为电解液,组装成片式Ti/BaTiO3║AC/Al型瓷介-电化学混合电容器。阳极氧化75min的混合电容器样品可耐压200V,容量为126.6μF,损耗tanδ为0.45。质量能量密度为0.25 Wh/kg,是化学氧化体系(0.12Wh/kg)的2倍,是商品贴片陶瓷电容器的10倍。以高聚物聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为粘结剂,将商品BaTiO3粘附于基体铝箔之上作阳极,与铝基活性炭阴极组装成片式Al/BaTiO3║AC/Al型瓷介-电化学混合电容器。BaTiO3与PVDF以7:1的质量比得到片式陶瓷电容器性能最佳,其耐压值为180V,容量为16.2μF,损耗tanδ为1.03,ESR为2.3Ω,漏电流为36μA,能量密度为0.04Wh/kg。极片面积越大,混合电容器的耐压和漏电流越趋于稳定,并且容量和损耗随极片面积近乎线性变化。项目的完成为新的储能技术和基础研究提供了理论和实验依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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