基于闭环低温冷风的CFRP机器人高品质切削理论及刀具精准设计研究

Advanced cutting tool and high-quality machining technology are the key technologies to solve CFRP machining problems. Focusing on the actual demand of CFRP machining, this project will conduct the study on high-quality robotic machining theory and precise tool design of CFRP based on closed-loop cryogenic cold air. The project will employ cryogenic cold air to form a closed-loop air flow field to perform blowing chips and vacuum absorbing chips. The CFRP material removal mechanism and application technology of cryogenic cold air will be studied to solve chip congestion and heat accumulation. The structural strengthening design, three-dimensional cutting edge refinement design, and grinding method for CFRP cutting tool are to be presented, and the integrated structure/performance design and manufacturing technology will be proposed. The local stiffness evolution of the tool-workpiece interface under additional compression load will be studied. The synthesis stiffness compensation technology will be presented based on robot body compression and tool-workpiece local stiffness compensation. The optimization and experimental verification of the collaborative machining of closed-loop cryogenic cold air and robot will be conducted, and this project will form a new high-quality collaborative robotic machining technology for CFRP. The project can provide practical high-performance cutting tool technology and high-efficiency machining technology for CFRP cutting, which has important theoretical significance and application value for improving and controlling the machining quality of CFRP components.

先进刀具技术与配套高品质加工工艺是解决CFRP切削加工难题的核心技术。本项目面向CFRP切削加工的实际需求，进行基于闭环低温冷风的CFRP机器人高品质切削理论及刀具精准设计研究。本项目将引入低温冷风吹屑和真空吸屑形成闭环空气流场，研究低温冷风附加外物理场作用下的CFRP材料去除机理及其应用技术，解决切屑阻塞和热量积聚；提出CFRP专用切削刀具结构强化设计、三维刃形精化设计和刃磨方法，构建CFRP专用切削刀具结构/性能一体化设计制造技术；研究附加压紧载荷作用下刀具-工件结合面局部刚度演变，综合机器人本体刚度补偿和刀具-工件结合面局部刚度补偿，形成刚度综合补偿技术；进行闭环低温冷风与机器人协同切削加工优化与试验验证，形成CFRP机器人高品质协同切削加工新工艺。本项目可为CFRP切削加工提供高性能刀具技术和高品质切削工艺，对提升和控制CFRP构件的加工质量具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。

本项目面向CFRP切削加工的实际需求，进行基于闭环低温冷风的CFRP机器人高品质切削理论及刀具精准设计研究。基于不同切削用量，设计CFRP侧铣正交试验；建立了CFRP铣削力回归模型，研究了不同切削用量对铣削力的影响规律。进行了CFRP二维切削有限元仿真，分别对其理论模型进行失效机理分析；对于不同切削模型，分别建立微观CFRP切削有限元仿真模型，对不同切削关系进行分析和研究；对扫描电镜下单向板切削断口微观形貌，进行归类观察与分析，电镜图像与切削仿真结果基本一致。进行了CFRP三维钻削加工仿真，通过建立多向碳纤维层合板，对钻削结束时孔的出口、入口两侧损伤因子云图进行分析，并通过多次仿真得出轴向力与进给速度、转速之间的关系。本项目提出了CFRP专用切削刀具结构强化设计、三维刃形精化设计和刃磨方法，构建了CFRP专用切削刀具结构/性能一体化设计制造技术；研究附加压紧载荷作用下刀具-工件结合面局部刚度演变，综合机器人本体刚度补偿和刀具-工件结合面局部刚度补偿，形成了刚度综合补偿技术；总结了CFRP材料制孔过程中常见的孔口缺陷，引入模糊互补判断矩阵相关理论建立了孔口缺陷综合评价方法，并通过实验验证了该方法的准确性和可信性，然后基于实验结果建立了非线性的切削参数优化模型，在保证成孔尺寸精度、圆度和孔壁粗糙度的前提下有效抑制了孔口缺陷，提高了成孔质量。进行了闭环低温冷风与机器人协同切削加工优化与试验验证，形成了CFRP机器人高品质协同切削加工新工艺。本项目可为CFRP切削加工提供高性能刀具技术和高品质切削工艺，对提升和控制CFRP构件的加工质量具有重要的应用前景。