水下小尺度磁性目标精密探测理论和方法研究

The detection technique of the underwater small-scale magnetic target is a hot and difficult problem in the field of present hydrographic surveying and charting. The refined processing of the magnetic anomaly and the auto solution of the magnetic target's parameters are in the phase of research and development, and the keystone and difficult problems are still unsolved. According to the characteristic of the small-scale magnetic targets' magnetic anomaly, the processing of the magnetic detection data with high precision,the precise conversion of magnetic anomaly components and magnetic gradient tensor,the stable downward continuation of total field magnetic anomaly, and the precise calculation of spatial position and magnetic parameters of the magnetic object are systematically studied. The theory and algorithm system of the precise detection of the underwater small-scale magnetic target is established through theory derivation, simulation analysis and experimental verification. At the same time, the real time position and identification system of the small-scale magnetic target is also designed. The research results could provide the theoretical foundation for obtaining the parameter information of the underwater magnetic object normally and the technical support for the development of the auto real time detection system of our country, which has important research value and obvious military benefits.

水下小尺度磁性目标探测技术是当今海洋测绘领域研究的热点与难点问题。关于磁异常数据精化处理和磁性目标参数自动化解算等问题在国际上仍处于研究阶段，还有一些重点和难点问题有待进一步研究解决。本项目根据小尺度磁性目标磁异常的特点，重点开展高精度磁探测数据预处理、磁异常分量和磁梯度张量精确换算、磁异常稳健向下延拓和磁性目标空间位置和磁性参数精确解算等研究工作，通过理论推导、仿真分析和试验验证等方法，建立水下小尺度磁性目标精密探测理论和算法体系，设计小尺度磁性目标的实时定位与识别系统。研究成果可为我国标准化、规范化获取水下磁性目标参数信息提供理论依据，为研制我国自动化实时探测系统提供技术支撑, 具有重要的研究价值和明显的军事效益。

本项目以水下小尺度磁性目标为研究对象，建立了小尺度磁性目标精密探测理论和算法体系，取得的主要研究成果有：.（1）提出了一种基于总强度磁力仪的无人机磁矩测量方法，建立了用于超导磁梯度测量的误差补偿模型；给出了基于磁场梯度数据的远海日变处理方法，建立了远海区日变改正模型。.（2）从矩谐分析原理出发，将二维傅立叶级数扩展到三维，并结合直角坐标和地理坐标的关系，推导得到扩展傅立叶级数方法，建立了局域三维空间地磁异常场模型。.（3）在深入探讨调和函数空间域转换理论基础上，推导出了由磁场总强度和总强度磁异常向磁异常分量换算的严密公式；基于拉普拉斯方程逐步求解法，给出了总强度磁异常沿垂直方向各阶导数的计算方法；提出了改进泰勒级数法对磁异常场进行向下延拓，并采用半余弦扩边处理方案解决了向下延拓过程中产生的边界效应问题。.（4）基于水下小尺度磁性目标探测时欧拉窗口较小的特点，给出了背景场优化处理方案；提出了采用最小二乘分部迭代法分步求解磁性目标的空间位置和磁性参数，解决了参数求解的病态性问题。.（5）设计开发了水下磁探测数据处理软件，为水下小尺度磁性目标的定位和识别提供了一个可视化的交互解释工具。.项目研究成果可广泛应用于海上应急打捞、海底障碍物探测、海战场环境建设等领域。