强/台风边界层风场的实测、风洞试验和数值模拟综合研究

A large number of super-tall buildings have been built in the South-East Coastal area (typhoon-prone region) of China in recent years. Reasonable determination of wind loads and wind effects on such structures is the most important issue in the structural design stage. The proposed project aims to investiagte the boundary layer wind structure and characteristics during typhoons or strong windstorms by means of field measurement,wind tunnel testing and numerical simulation. The applicants have established wind monitoring systems atop verious super-tall buidlings and two mobile monitoring systems. Based on the observation records from these monitoring systems as well as more than 40 meteorological stations and six stations respectively equipped with anemometers at surface levels and remote sensing facilities in Hong Kong, the statistical characteristics of the boundary layer wind structure above various terratin conditions will be investigated. Wind tunnel tests and CFD numerical simulations will be carried out. Based on the comparisons of the field measurements to the model test and numerical results, we can assess the range of the reduced model scales and the CFD methods that will result in accurate predictions of wind fields. Meanwhile, the wind characteristics under complex topographic conditions, i.e., hilly terrain conditions, will be studied in detail by the proposed wind tunnel tests and CFD numerical simualtions. Monte-Carlo simualtion technique will be adopted to predict the extreme wind speeds in the typhoon-prone region based on a modified typhoon field model. The outputs of this comprehensive project are expected to further understanding of the boundary layer wind structure, and provide very useful information on the wind-resistant design of super-tall buildings and improvement of current wind codes.

近年来在我国东南沿海(台风多发)地区兴建了大量超高层建筑，而结构风荷载和风效应的合理确定是其设计所面临的关键问题，强/台风边界层风场信息是此类结构抗风设计的基础。本项目将采用实测、风洞试验和数值模拟方法深入研究强/台风边界层风场结构及特征。风场实测将基于在东南沿海地区多栋超高层建筑上己建的测风装置和二台移动式追风系统，以及利用在香港境内四十多个气象观测站点监测的近地风场及六座远程遥感设备(多普勒雷达和声达)实测的高空风场数据,对不同地貌边界层的风特性进行统计分析。开展风洞试验和CFD数值模拟研究,基于与实测数据的对比分析,将研究不同缩尺比例模型试验及数值模拟方法的结果误差,并考察复杂地貌下的风场特征。将采用蒙特卡洛法,结合改进的气旋风场模型对东南沿海地区的台风极值风速进行预测。本项目的研究结果将解决边界层风场的一些关健科学问题,并为超高层建筑的抗风设计和我国风荷载规范的修订提供宝贵依据。

本项目采用实测、风洞试验和数值模拟方法对强/台风边界层风场结构及特征进行了深入研究。风场实测基于在东南沿海地区多栋超高层建筑上己建的测风装置和二台移动式追风系统，以及利用在香港境内四十多个气象观测站点监测的近地风场及六座远程遥感设备(多普勒雷达和声达)实测的高空风场数据，对不同地貌边界层的风特性、沿海地区台风风剖线以及不同天气条件下阵风因子特征进行了实测研究。在风洞试验及CFD数值模拟方面，基于与实测数据的对比分析，研究了复杂地貌下的风场特性。此外，本项目还提出了一种改进的适于用RANS方法模拟中性大气边界层的数值技术，并对不同缩尺比例模型试验及数值模拟方法的结果误差进行了研究。本项目的研究结果解决了边界层风场结构的一些关健科学问题，并可为超高层建筑的抗风设计和我国风荷载规范的修订提供宝贵依据。