基于多相分类法的东北地区药用植物炭疽菌属真菌的系统学研究

Colletotrichum is an important pathogenic genus worldwide. These fungi cause disease symptoms that are generally known as anthracnose in a wide range of host plants and cause serious economic losses. In northeast China, the fungi usually cause serious anthracnose on various kinds of Chinese medicinal plants. But, the study of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Colletotrichum species on medicinal plants in northeast China, have been rarely reported. In addition, correct identification of the Colletotrichum species has always been difficult. The delimitation of some species (such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum dematium) remained unclear, or their characteristics are variable, which make their identification and classification difficult. Based on extensive research of Colletotrichum species on medicinal plants in northeast China, using a polyphasic approach,the phylogenetic relationships of species of Colletotrichum will be studied and some boundaries of groups classification will be clarified in this project. 1. Taxonomic researches and diversity of Colletotrichum will be conducted by collecting valuable resource of species of Colletotrichum in northeast China. 2. To study the interspecific and multi-gene phylogenetic relationships, several genes (such as ITS, TUB2, ACT, SOD2, GAPDH and CHS1), will be sequenced and analyzed. 3. A polyphasic approach, which contains a series of standard features used for classification will be delimited by combining morphological, phylogenetic analyses, host range, and cross mating experiments, which will be helpful to solve some taxonomic problems. Some new species, new record species and holomorph species will be described. The results of this project will increase the supplementary investigation and distribution of these fungi resources, and also provide some supplementary evidences for investigating the fungus species diversity, and evaluating a well-defined phylogeny of Colletotrichum in northeast China.

炭疽菌属真菌是一类全球分布的重要病原菌，可引起多种植物炭疽病并导致严重经济损失。东北地区药用植物种类多，炭疽病发生普遍，但针对东北药用植物炭疽菌的分类及系统发育研究极少。同时，该属部分类群分类界限模糊，如Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、C. dematium等多个种界定困难。本项目拟在对药用植物炭疽菌广泛调查基础上，采用多相分类法，探讨主要类群间的系统发育关系，澄清部分类群的分类界限：1.通过野外采集、鉴定，了解炭疽菌的种类及其多样性；2.通过ITS、TUB2、ACT、SOD2、GAPDH、CHS1等多基因序列分析探索各种间系统发育关系；3.采用多相分类法，整合形态学、分子系统学、寄主范围、交配试验等结果，对部分疑难种进行界定，澄清问题种和混乱种，描述若干新种、新记录种和种的全型。完善该属真菌资源在东北的调查和分布，填补东北炭疽菌物种多样性及种间关系研究空白。

炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum）真菌，因其种类繁多和分布广泛，存在种间性状交叉和系统发育关系不清的分类学问题。本文在对东北地区植物炭疽病菌广泛调查基础上，通过野外采集、鉴定，了解炭疽病菌的种类及其多样性。通过ITS、TUB2、ACT、SOD2、GAPDH、CHS1、ApMat等多基因序列分析探讨主要类群间的系统发育关系，对东北地区部分植物炭疽病菌进行种的界定，描述若干新种、新记录种和少数种的全型。此外，针对不同炭疽菌种类，室内筛选相应化学原药，对比种间差异性，预期将炭疽病菌属种的分类及系统学研究与炭疽病的高效防控相关联，对农药减量施用、保护生态环境，提高药用植物品质具有重要意义。主要结论：.1、描述1种树莓炭疽病菌新种：Colletotrichum neorubicola YU Li, J. GAO & L. P. Liu, sp. nov.。.2、鉴定植物炭疽病菌新记录种共12种，其中包括Colletotrichum dematium（萹蓄炭疽病菌）、Colletotrichum destructivum（羊蹄、紫菀和白薇炭疽病菌）、Colletotrichum fioriniae（枸杞炭疽病菌）、Colletotrichum higginsianum（北豆根炭疽病菌）、Colletotrichum truncatum（苘麻炭疽病菌）、Colletotrichum spaethianum（玉竹炭疽病菌）、Colletotrichum nigrum和Colletotrichum truncatum（菘蓝炭疽病菌）、Colletotrichum trifolii（冬葵炭疽病菌）和Colletotrichum brevisporum（青皮南瓜炭疽病菌）为新记录种；描述1株具有性和无性型的全型种Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和Glomerella cingulata（东北储藏期芒果炭疽病菌）。.3、描述东北地区重要的药用植物人参上炭疽病菌2种：Colletotrichum lineola和Colletotrichum panacicola，明确其地理分布，确定优势种为C. panacicola，为绿色高效防控人参炭疽病奠定理论基础。.4、研究不同炭疽病菌种类（菘蓝、人参和青皮南瓜炭疽病菌）对化学原药不同敏感性，为防控病害奠定应用基础。