介入措施对荒漠肉苁蓉有性繁育系统和梭梭-苁蓉复合体库源调控机理研究

In response to the problem of Cistanche deserticola self-fruiting and poor seed quality, cultivated C. deserticola-Haloxylon ammodendron complex in the reproductive growth stage was selected as material. Adopt intervention pollination, root irrigation fertilization, pruning and topping integrated measures, select natural grown plants as control, by measuring the flowering habits, fruit set rate, seed setting rate, seed yield and other indicators, the differences of pollination characteristics, seed formation and development of C. deserticola under different intervention measures were systematically studied. Analysis H. ammodendron - C. deserticola seed material transport rules.The key influencing factors of seed setting rate, seed yield, quality, and good coordination mechanism of "source, bank, flow" of H. ammodendron and C. deserticola seeds were ascertained. The purpose is to provide theoretical guidance for solving the key problems that the low yield and poor quality of C. deserticola seeds in large-scale production for a long time. To provide a scientific basis for explore the characteristics of sexual reproduction and regulation of sexual reproduction efficiency of C. deserticola. Promote the sustainable use of endangered medicinal Cistanche resources. Give play to the leading role of H. ammodendron and Cistanche in desert control.

针对荒漠肉苁蓉自花不结实、种子质量差的问题，拟以生殖生长期栽培荒漠肉苁蓉-梭梭复合体为材料，采用介入授粉、灌根施肥、剪枝打顶综合措施，以自然生长植株为对照，通过测定开花习性、座果率、结实率、种子产量质量等指标，系统研究不同介入措施条件下荒漠肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma）传粉特性，种子形成及发育规律的差异性，解析梭梭-苁蓉-苁蓉种子间的物质运移规律，探明肉苁蓉结实率、种子产量、质量的关键影响因子和良好的梭梭-苁蓉-苁蓉种子“源、库、流”协调机制。旨在为解决长期以来阻碍肉苁蓉规模化生产中种子产量低、质量差的关键难题提供理论指导。为探寻肉苁蓉有性繁育特性，调控肉苁蓉有性繁育效率提供科学依据，以促进濒危药用肉苁蓉资源的可持续利用，发挥肉苁蓉在荒漠化生态治理中的先导作用。

针对荒漠肉苁蓉自花不结实、种子质量差的问题，以生殖生长期栽培荒漠肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma）-梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)复合体为材料，采用介入授粉、灌根施肥、剪枝打顶等综合措施，以自然生长植株为对照，测定完成肉苁蓉开花习性、坐果率、结实率、种子产量质量等指标。系统研究了不同介入措施条件下荒漠肉苁蓉花器官构造、传粉特性，种子形成及发育等规律的差异性。完成了梭梭-苁蓉-苁蓉种子间的物质运移规律解析，探明了肉苁蓉结实率、种子产量、质量的关键影响因子和良好的梭梭-苁蓉-苁蓉种子“源、库、流”协调机制。.主要研究结论如下：异株异花授粉能明显提高肉苁蓉结实率。50%硼酸水溶肥喷雾授粉可将肉苁蓉结实率提高至81.425%，同时该处理能提高肉苁蓉果序下部种子蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量。喷雾授粉可显著降低肉苁蓉种子中丙二醛的含量，提高种子中过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶含量，以增强肉苁蓉种子的抗逆性。肉苁蓉盛花前期进行剪枝打顶有助于种子的生长发育，可提升种子质量。“3414”灌根施肥法的合理配施可提高寄主梭梭的株高、地径、冠幅和光合枝长，中等水平的氮肥、磷肥和低水平的钾肥有利于梭梭株高的增长。低水平的氮肥、高水平的磷肥和中等水平的钾肥配合使用有利于梭梭地径的增加。中等水平的氮肥、高水平的磷肥和低水平的钾肥有利于梭梭冠幅的增长。中等水平的氮肥和磷肥与低水平的钾肥有利于梭梭光合枝的增长。肉苁蓉生长时期，配方施肥的梭梭脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量均高于正常生长的梭梭叶片；且施氮量与梭梭叶片的可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关。冷冻干燥的肉苁蓉中毛蕊花糖苷含量明显高于80 ℃烘干的肉苁蓉。.介入措施有助于肉苁蓉应对恶劣的生存环境，该研究成果为解决长期以来阻碍肉苁蓉规模化生产中种子产量低、质量差的关键技术提供理论指导。该成果可为肉苁蓉有性繁育特性，调控肉苁蓉有性繁育效率提供了科学依据，为促进濒危药用肉苁蓉资源的可持续利用和肉苁蓉的荒漠化生态治理和治穷致富发挥先导作用。