湖北典型设施农业区酞酸酯污染、风险及修复研究

The government of Hubei Province has worked out the guideline of accelerating the development of facilities agriculture as a respond to the call of the Chinese government. For the reputation of "China's agricultural Valley", the Jingmen City has been considered a typical representative of agricultural production in Hubei Province, which is one of the most important vegetable development zones receiving critical support. As the most significant production of facility agricultural, the production and investment amount of agricultural film was increasing with hitherto unknown speed. Phthalates in agricultural film could be easily released into the environment during the use process, which has become the main contamination source of phthalates, and the typical reason for the destruction of soil productivity. The facilities of agricultural production in Jingmen City are largely by the multi-layer covering, so that the consumption of agricultural film is huge and the recovery and residue of the films have not received enough attention. In order to ensure the quality of "vegetable basket", environmental health and sustainable development of facility agriculture area, the investigation of residue and recycling of agricultural film of typical agricultural facilities areas in Jingmen City, the investigation and risk assessment of PAEs pollution and in situ bioremediation are urgently needed. The program is to provide the necessary theoretical and data support for Jingmen agricultural development facilities and even the agricultural facilities of Hubei province, on pollution control and management measures of risk, protection of the safety of agricultural products, and providing important technical support for environmental management of facility agriculture in Hubei province.

依据我国政府高度重视设施农业发展的要求，湖北省政府提出积极加快设施农业发展的指导思想。享有“中国农谷”美誉的荆门市作为湖北农业生产的典型代表，是省内重点扶持的设施蔬菜发展区。农膜作为设施农业必须的生产资料，其生产和投入量正以前所未有的速度增加。农膜中的高分子塑化剂酞酸酯随农膜的使用释放到环境中，成为土壤酞酸酯污染的主要来源，其对土壤生产力的破坏，导致农业减产。荆门设施农业生产多采用棚内多层覆盖，农膜消耗量巨大，但农膜回收及残留问题长期未受到重视。为保证“菜篮子”安全、设施农业区的环境健康及可持续发展，对荆门市典型设施农业区开展农膜回收及残留调查、酞酸酯的污染调查及风险评估以及在此基础上的生物原位修复研究尤为必要。该研究的开展，为荆门设施农业发展乃至湖北全省的设施农业提供必要的理论和数据支持，提出的污染风险控制与管理对策，为湖北省设施农业产地环境管理和保障农产品安全提供重要的科技支撑。

依据我国政府高度重视设施农业发展的要求，湖北省政府提出积极加快设施农业发展的指导思想。享有“中国农谷”美誉的荆门市作为湖北农业生产的典型代表，是省内重点扶持的设施蔬菜发展区。农膜作为设施农业必须的生产资料，其生产和投入量正以前所未有的速度增加。农膜中的高分子塑化剂酞酸酯随农膜的使用释放到环境中，成为土壤酞酸酯污染的主要来源，其对土壤生产力的破坏，导致农业减产。荆门设施农业生产多采用棚内多层覆盖，农膜消耗量巨大，但农膜回收及残留问题长期未受到重视。为保证“菜篮子”安全、设施农业区的环境健康及可持续发展，对荆门市典型设施农业区开展农膜回收及残留调查、酞酸酯的污染调查及风险评估以及在此基础上的生物原位修复研究尤为必要。该研究的开展，为荆门设施农业发展乃至湖北全省的设施农业提供必要的理论和数据支持。.研究发现所调查的典型设施地区棚膜功能主要包括普通型、耐老化和防流滴；合成材料主要包括聚乙烯（PE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和乙烯G醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）。部分农户在种植黄瓜等需高温的蔬菜时使用聚氯乙烯材料棚膜，其他作物则使用聚乙烯材料；部分拥有拱棚和日光温室的农户则在拱棚上使用聚乙烯材料，日光温室上使用聚氯乙烯材料。原因主要是聚氯乙烯的比重较大，膜的厚度较大，更易于保温，创造高温条件。对设施大棚生产的蔬菜进行采样分析发现，蔬菜中的主要酞酸酯类污染物组分与土壤呈现一定的线性相关性，不仅DEHP 和DnBP两组分含量最高，其可能带来的人体健康风险也应受到关注。除此之外，还对菌菇类设施经济作物进行了酞酸酯类污染物分析，指出菌菇培养基质对菌菇品质的关键影响；基于生态观光农业的兴起，人们对于采摘农产品的喜爱度不断上升，建立了快速高效农药分析检测方法，并应用于典型蔬菜生产基地的农药检测，为农产品质量保障提供重要技术参考。