基于铜电解质全固态染料敏化太阳能电池激发态及稳定性研究

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with the merits of low-cost, low-toxicity are always regarded as the idea alternative for inorganic crystalline silicon solar cells. However, their power conversion efficiency and long-term stability can not meet the requirement for application to date. Recently, the emergence and development of novel copper-based electrolyte generates a renaissance which is likely to make breakthrough in both efficiency and stability of DSSCs. Nevertheless, the copper based redox mediator can quench the excited dye in a certain extent, which cause relatively low electron injection efficiency, and the efficient organic dyes that work well with copper redox shuttle remains highly scarce. In this proposal, we aim to develop highly efficient and stable solid-state DSSCs by addressing the issues of low electron injection efficiency and uncontrollable conversion from liquid to solid-state devices in copper-mediated DSSCs. The detailed research contents include: (1) Design and synthesis of highly efficient organic dye for copper-mediated DSSCs; (2) Studying and revealing the relationship between dye structures and their excited state properties as well as photovoltaic performances; (3) Optimizing preparation condition of solid-state devices for the enhancement of stability. The success of this project will pave a way for future application of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells.

染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）具有低成本、低毒性等优点，被国内外一致认为是替代无机晶体硅太阳电池的一个极具性价比方案，然而目前其能量转换效率和长期稳定性还无法满足实际应用的需求。近年来，新型铜基电解质的发展有望同时突破DSSCs效率和稳定性两个方面的瓶颈，但铜电解质容易猝灭染料的激发态，造成电子注入效率低，因此能够与铜电解质协同工作并取得高效率的染料敏化剂非常稀缺。本项目以制备高效率、高稳定性全固态染料敏化太阳能电池为目标，解决目前铜基固态太阳能电池中电子注入效率低、稳定性较差等问题。具体研究内容为：（1）设计合成可应用于铜基电解质的高效率染料敏化剂；（2）研究染料分子结构与其激发态性质和光电表现之间的构效关系；（3）优化电池的制作条件和工艺，制备稳定的全固态DSSCs器件。该项目成功实施将为全固态染料敏化太阳能电池早日走向应用奠定基础。

本项目围绕有机光敏染料在能源转换材料领域的应用，不仅创新发展了一系列长激发态寿命的太阳能电池敏化染料用于铜基染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs），实现了超过10.3%的能量转换效率，而且在有机光敏材料的可控和有序组装方面取得创新性成果，首次提出重构共价有机框架（COFs）光催化材料的合成策略，取得了领域内光催化产氢和二氧化碳吸附的效率记录；成功发展了涡流瞬时沉淀的宏量化纳米光催化材料的制备方法，光催化产氢活性提升达70倍，研究成果为有机光敏分子/聚合物在太阳能转换领域的高效利用开辟了新道路。创新研究成果包括：1. 构筑长激发态寿命D-A-π-A型敏化染料用于铜基染料敏化太阳能电池。2. 有机光敏材料动态重构构筑高结晶、高稳定光催化制氢材料。3. 宏量制备形貌尺寸可控有机光敏聚合物纳米催化制氢材料。. 项目自2020年项目执行以来，发表署名项目支持的SCI论文5篇，包括Nature (1篇)、Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (2篇)、J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1篇)、Green Chemical Engineering (1篇)，1篇入选ESI高被引论文。项目执行期间，张维伟获得上海市“浦江人才”计划支持。