水分胁迫对促进酿酒葡萄果实花色苷合成及成熟机理的研究

Due to its unique soil and climate conditions, the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia has been recognized as one of the best ecological regions of wine grapes worldwide. However, our previous study demonstrated that some late-maturing wine grapevine varieties are not fully mature, which greatly affect the quality and production of wine and increase the cost for wine. Therefore, this project will utilize the CR10-2 xm data acquisition instrument, the photosynthetic apparatus and the ‘Ecotron’ experiment system, to explore the connection of different water stress (water stress at different time and intensity of water stress) and the canopy microclimate (temperature, humidity, light intensity) at different developmental stages, the key enzyme activity related to photosynthesis, photosynthetic rate, grapevine fruit growth regularity, and anthocyanins accumulation; to elucidate the regulatory mechanism at transcriptional and metabolism; to explore the technical measures on grapevine varieties fully mature; to reveal the water stress on wine grape quality formation; to clarify water stress in promoting wine grape berry mature and mechanism of anthocyanins synthesis. The project will provide theoretical basis and technical support for grapevine and wine industries at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia.

宁夏贺兰山东麓地区因其独特的土质、气候条件，被国内外专家确认为世界酿酒葡萄生长最佳生态区之一。然而，我们研究发现：部分晚熟酿酒葡萄品种不能充分成熟，极大地影响葡萄酒质量，增加葡萄酒生产成本。为此，本项目拟采用CR10-2XM数据采集仪、光合测定仪与 “Ecotron”实验体系，探讨不同水分胁迫（不同水分胁迫时间和水分胁迫强度）与不同生育期葡萄叶幕及葡萄果实小气候（温度、湿度、光照强度）、光合关键酶活性、光合速率、葡萄果实发育规律和果实花色苷合成积累之间的关系；解析不同水分胁迫条件下葡萄果实转录与代谢水平的调控机理，挖掘与葡萄果实花色苷及葡萄品质相关的代谢调控网路及关键酶基因；探索晚熟酿酒葡萄品种充分成熟技术措施；揭示水分胁迫对酿酒葡萄品质形成规律；从而阐明水分胁迫对促进酿酒葡萄果实花色苷合成及成熟机理；为宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄与葡萄酒产业健康发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。

为了全面了解不同水分胁迫对酿酒葡萄果实花色苷合成积累及葡萄成熟机理的研究，本研究从不同角度研究了不同水分胁迫对酿酒葡萄栽培生理指标、生物酶活性、激素水平、基因表达及葡萄果实品质的影响，开展了“水分胁迫对‘赤霞珠’葡萄生长、生理及果实品质的影响研究”、“水分胁迫对赤霞珠葡萄不同叶龄叶片光合特性的影响”、“水分胁迫对‘美乐’葡萄不同组织ABA的影响”、“水分胁迫对‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实挥发性风味物质及花色苷合成的影响”、“水分胁迫对‘赤霞珠’葡萄结果枝糖分分配及果实有机酸变化规律的研究”、“水分胁迫对‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实甲氧基吡嗪含量的影响” 和“水分胁迫对‘玫瑰香’葡萄果实挥发风味性物质及相关基因表达的影响”等7项研究内容，研究表明：适当水分胁迫有利于控制葡萄营养生长，促使葡萄生殖生长，提高葡萄叶片光合速率；适当水分胁迫刺激葡萄根系、叶片、种子、果肉和果皮ABA生物合成，诱导果实糖分从葡萄枝条向果实转移积累以及葡萄果实花色苷合成关键基因表达合成；适当水分胁迫促进葡萄果实中带有不成熟的“生青味”甲氧基吡嗪的降解；适当的水分胁迫有利于酿酒葡萄果实挥发性风味物质的合成积累，促进葡萄果实成熟。总之，通过科学水分管理，可有效促进宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄果实提前进入转色期，促进葡萄果实花色苷的合成积累和葡萄果实的成熟，提高酿酒葡萄果实品质，为酿酒葡萄生育期科学用水、合理灌水、高效利用水资源提供理论依据，为生产优质酿酒葡萄提供技术支撑。