苯氧威对红火蚁蚁后卵黄发生抑制机理研究

The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren is one of the 100 most dangerous alien species, which has been found in several provinces of south China, such as Guangdong, Fujianm Hunan and Jiangxi et al. The invasion of S. invicta has brought serious threat to the economy, public safety and ecological environment. Fenoxycarb is one of the best pesticides for controlling S. invicta, which could result in the decline of colonies gradually through destroying the reproductive function of queen. But its mechanism of reproduction depression to queen of S. invicta have not been distinctly understood at present. Our Preliminary studies found that the fecundity and juvenile hormone (JH) titer of queen have been depressed significantly by fenoxycarb, moreover the configuration of queen's brain and fat body have been destroyed obviously. Therefore, in this project we plan to take fat body, corpora allata and ovary of queen as the main research objects, and to investigate the effect of fenoxycarb on the synthesis ability of vitellogenin in fat body and vitellogenin uptake ability in ovary in vivo. Furthermore, the effect on the ultrastructure of fat body and ovary will be observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) or transmission electron microscope (TEM). And effect of fenoxycarb on the factors influencing the JH titer will be elucidated, which including the ultrastructure of the median neurosecretory cells and corpora allatam, the JH synthesis ability of corpora allata, juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (JHAMT) and juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) or juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH). On the basis of above research, the pathway of fenoxycarb destroying the synthesis and uptake ability of vitellogenin, and disturbing of JH titer will be explored. Then the mechanism of vitellogenesis depression by fenoxycarb may be revealed from the perspective of cytology, enzymology and molecule level. In conclusion, the results could provide theoretical basis for the new type pesticide preparation of regulating reproduction and for seeking new target in pest controlling.

红火蚁是世界上最具危害性的百种外来有害生物之一，已入侵我国南方多个省份，并对我国经济、公共安全及生态环境造成巨大威胁。苯氧威是防治红火蚁的最佳药剂之一，其通过破坏蚁后生殖机能导致蚁群逐渐衰亡，但当前对苯氧威抑制蚁后生殖机能的作用机理尚不明确。我们前期研究发现苯氧威可显著降低蚁后生殖力和JH滴度，并对大脑和脂肪体结构具明显破坏作用。据此，本项目拟以蚁后脂肪体、咽侧体和卵巢为主要对象，研究苯氧威对脂肪体合成与卵巢摄取Vg能力及二者超微结构的影响，并解析苯氧威对决定JH滴度的中央神经分泌细胞与咽侧体超微结构、咽侧体合成JH能力与JH主要代谢酶（JHAMT、JHE和JHEH）等相关因子的作用，以期探明苯氧威破坏蚁后Vg合成与摄取能力及扰乱JH滴度的路径，进而从细胞学、酶学和分子水平上揭示苯氧威抑制蚁后卵黄发生的机制，并为研制红火蚁高效、安全的生殖抑制剂和寻求害虫防治新作用位点提供理论依据。

红火蚁是世界上最具危害性的百种外来有害生物之一，已入侵我国南方多个省份，并对我国经济、公共安全及生态环境造成巨大威胁。本课题组2015年起在江西赣南与吉安地区部分柑橘园陆续发现红火蚁为害，对橘园农事操作及节肢动物多样性造成严重影响，进而对我省柑橘产业的健康发展带来较大的安全隐患。根据项目研究，本项目进行了江西柑橘园入侵红火蚁绿色防控技术研究，进行了红火蚁生殖抑制型苯氧威饵剂研制工作，开展了苯氧威饵剂控制柑橘园红火蚁的施药技术研究和苯氧威对蚁后卵黄发生抑制机理、红火蚁生殖抑制型饵剂的研制和生殖抑制型饵剂施用技术。部分研究内容已分别申报了国家发明专利1项，颁布江西地方规程1项，协助培养硕士研究生1人，本科毕业生16人。