滨水街区空间形态与江河风渗透之“量”“效”关联性研究——以长江中下游城市为例

The middle and lower areas of the Yangtze River have intensive water network, the major cities in these areas are developing along the rivers and lakes. The research shows that the river wind has a significant positive effect on the waterfront’s micro-climate and air quality. However, because of the urban and economic development of the middle and lower areas of the Yangtze Rive and the high land value characteristics of the waterfront districts, the development of high-level and high-density areas has led to the rapid deterioration of micro-climate and air quality in the waterfront while receded the improving effect of the river wind to these areas at same time. So it becomes to an urgent task that improving the infiltration capacity of river winds through effective street space design, improving the micro-climate and air quality of waterfront, and alleviating people's anxiety about health and environmental livability..In this research, the influence of river wind on the micro-climate and air quality of waterfront areas, the heat transfer process and characteristics of waterfront areas and the characteristics of pollutant diffusion in waterfront areas are studied by the measurement method and the numerical simulation method. On this basis, this research studies the reasonable control range of the spatial pattern of the street under the guaranteeing condition of the river’s wind infiltration capacity based on the analysis of the correlation between the spatial and morphological indexes of the river and the analysis of the correlation between the "quantity" and "effect" of the river wind infiltration capacity. For the planning and urban design of waterfront district, this research provides a quantitative block space control design strategy that is easily mastered by planners, architects, and urban planning managers.

长江中下游地区水网密集，主要城市均沿江及湖泊发展。研究表明江河风对于滨水街区的微气候及空气质量具有明显的改善作用。但是长江中下游城市经济发达，由于滨水街区的高土地价值特征，故高层及高密集化发展导致滨水街区微气候及空气质量迅速恶化，江河风的改善作用基本丧失。如何通过有效的街区空间设计保障江河风的渗透能力，改善滨水街区微气候及空气质量，缓解人们对健康及环境宜居性的焦虑情绪成为刻不容缓的任务。.本研究运用实测与数值模拟方法，通过对滨水街区空间各种热量传递过程与特征、以及滨水街区污染物扩散特征进行分析，研究江河风对滨水街区微气候及空气质量的影响机理。在此基础上，通过分析街区空间形态学指标与江河风渗透能力的“量”与“效”的关联性，研究在保障江河风渗透能力条件下街区空间形态学指标的合理控制范围。为滨水街区的规划与城市设计提供定量化的，且易于规划师、建筑师、城市规划管理人员掌握的街区空间控制性设计策略。

长江中下游地区水网密集，主要城市均沿江及湖泊发展。研究表明江河风对于滨水街区的微气候及空气质量具有明显的改善作用。但是长江中下游城市经济发达，由于滨水街区的高土地价值特征，故高层及高密集化发展导致滨水街区微气候及空气质量迅速恶化，江河风的改善作用基本丧失。如何通过有效的街区空间设计保障江河风的渗透能力，改善滨水街区微气候及空气质量，缓解人们对健康及环境宜居性的焦虑情绪成为刻不容缓的任务。.本研究运用实测与数值模拟方法，通过对滨水街区微气候及交通污染物扩散特征进行分析，研究江河风对滨水街区微气候及空气质量的影响机理。在此基础上，通过分析街区空间形态学指标与江河风渗透能力的“量”与“效”的关联性，研究在保障江河风渗透能力条件下街区空间形态学指标的合理控制范围。通过对实测与模拟结果进行分析，获得了气象因素、用地特征参数、以及城市形态指标等控制性要素与 PM2.5 及 CO 等交通污染物浓度之间的的相关性，以及控制变量中展现出的阈值和拐点等具体信息。同时，通过建立基于多目标遗传算法的参数化设计平台，研究了各种类型的城市形态学参数、指标的变化对于滨江街区江风渗透的影响。在此基础上，探讨基于优秀解集的“精英基因”，从而得到相应的优化设计策略。