科里奥利力-磁-电传感新机理与天文望远镜拼接镜面超精密转角检测研究

This research has been proposed to find out solutions to the key point of realizing a new compact sensing mechanism for effectively and precisely measuring the rotation/rolling angle of segment mirrors in real time, based on the segment mirrors of active optics (SMAO) system of large telescope. Aiming to overcome difficult technical problems such as precisely micro-rolling angle measurement, real-time response and practical application capacity when segment mirrors are actively positioned to meet the requirement of active optics, this research puts.forward a novel method of rotation measurement based on magneto-electric effect subject to Coriolis effect, and tries to study its fundamental theories, the integrated design principle of the novel sensor, and finally experimental validation research..To be specific, this research will probe into the following four aspects: .1）Modeling and simulation analysis of the dynamic system of SMAO to obtain the key parameters for designing the multi d.o.f. SMAO sensing mechanism;.2).Sensing principle research of the novel magneto-electric rolling angle measurement subject to Coriolis effect;.3).Integrated design and realization research of the new sensor; and4) The prototype validation experimental research..A 2-dof rolling angle sensing mechanism's prototype with the signal measuring system will be realized at the end of this research. The expected outcomes of the research are supposed to solve the key technical problems of SMAO being constructed or scheduled to be constructed in China. Although this research is oriented to large telescope’s application, it has its significance in laying foundation in theories and application technologies concerned, and has great application values in large space telescope, precision manipulating robotics, or multi d.o.f. positioning systems located in aircrafts or automobiles, and the micro-vibration control of platform, etc.

本研究基于解决大型天文望远镜拼接镜面主动光学精密角传感的关键问题而提出。针对拼接镜面转动位姿检测的超精密性、集成性和工程应用难题，创新提出一种基于科里奥利力的磁电效应超精密转角检测机理，并展开有关基础理论方法、器件集成设计和实验验证研究。研究将进行: .1.大型望远镜拼接镜面系统建模与传感器设计指标分析研究，2.科里奥利力-磁-电式超精密转角传感机理与建模研究，3.传感器件系统集成设计与实现，4.系统样机性能和位姿控制功能实验验证研究。研究将完成拼接镜面两转动自由度一体化检测的超精密转角（微弧度量级）测量系统。研究期望解决我国目前或计划建设的大型文望远镜主动光学拼接镜面定位控制中超精密转动传感的关键技术难题。研究成果在大型天文望远镜、空间望远镜、飞行器有效载荷姿态精密控制、精密操纵机器人、多自由度微振动控制领域有重要应用价值。

望远镜的灵敏度与分辨率, 都直接决定于其光学口径的大小, 口径越大, 探测暗弱天体越灵敏, 像的分辨率也越高。因此，高性能天文望远 镜，需要配备大口径的集光镜面。本研究基于解决大型天文望远镜拼接镜面主动光学精密角传感的关键问题而提出。针对拼接镜面转动位姿检测的超精密性、集成性和工程应用难题，创新提出一种基于科里奥利力的磁电效应超精密转角检测机理，并展开有关基础理论方法、器件集成设计和实验验证研究。研究主要进行了：1）大型望远镜拼接镜面系统传感器设计指标分析研究，2）科里奥利力-磁-电式超精密转角传感机理与建模研究，3）传感器件系统集成设计与实现，4）系统样机性能实验验证研究。研究完成了天文望远镜工程结构、传感器安装结构和应用环境的调研与分析，确定传感器参数与设计指标；完成了磁致伸缩/压电复合磁电材料设计及传感机理研究，从理论上验证了基于磁电效应实现超高分辨率磁场变化检测的能力（pT量级），通过非线性多物理场耦合传感机理分析，提出了基于变刚度频率偏移现象的静态/超低频磁电传感方法；完成了科里奥利力-磁-电式超精密转角传感机理与建模研究，对器件的设计提供理论指导；设计实现了位移传感器（分辨率优于13.27nm）、角度传感器(0.13mrad)与角速度传感器(计算分辨率0.0013deg/s)样机；并最终完成了拼接镜面两转动自由度一体化检测的超精密转角测量性能测试，首先验证了磁电位移传感器作为边缘传感器的分辨率可达34.85 μrad，与现有商用边缘传感器性能相当，同时基于磁电角度传感器的两自由度转到角度测试方法得到了验证。研究期望解决我国目前或计划建设的大型文望远镜主动光学拼接镜面定位控制中超精密转动传感的关键技术难题。通过研究形成了一套基于组合智能材料的功能器件的研究、分析和设计实现的参考方法，此外研究成果在大型天文望远镜、空间望远镜、飞行器有效载荷姿态精密控制、精密操纵机器人、多自由度微振动控制领域有重要应用价值。