高钙废纸造纸废水厌氧处理时钙离子对颗粒污泥微环境的影响及颗粒污泥钙化机理的研究

The calcification of anaerobic sludge granular resulted in enormous hazards to the effluent treatment of the high concentration organic wastewater from paper recycling, citric acid and sugar making. Disclosures of the causes and mechanism of calcification of the granular sludge, and eventually build a technology system to slow or inhibit sludge calcification are of great economic and academic significance to the development of related industries and environmental protection. Current studies of granular sludge are constricted in the laboratory simulation featured by short experimental period and poor fit with factory practices, and most researches focused on preventing calcification or separation after calcification, but few efforts have been put on investigation of the calcification process and mechanism analysis. The change of sludge microenvironment during the calcification of granular sludge is the core problem of this project. To reveal the correlation among calcium ion distribution, changes of microenvironment and the mechanism of calcification in the process of high calcium wastewater treatment, a long-term calcium ion distribution tracking project will be set up in industrial scale plus auxiliary culture of the granular sludge in pilot plant. The reaction processes, the interaction effects of mass transfer, flora decay, and structural changes on the calcification of granular sludge will be investigated. By adjusting and investigating influencing factors of microenvironment on calcification process, the main factors will be identified, and eventually the changes of microenvironment and the mechanism of calcification in the process of high calcium wastewater treatment will be clarified. In addition, a calcification prevention mechanism could be proposed by balancing microenvironment nature and calcification, which is beneficial to the progress of anaerobic treatment of high calcium wastewater.

厌氧污泥颗粒钙化一直是困扰废纸造纸、柠檬酸及制糖高浓废水处理的一项顽疾。研究颗粒污泥钙化的原因，阐明其钙化机理，并最终构建减缓或抑制污泥钙化技术体系对我国乃至全球的相关行业的发展以及环境保护具有很高的经济价值和学术意义。目前就颗粒污泥钙化研究多在实验室中模拟进行与生产实践脱离，实验周期较短，且多集中在防止钙化预处理及钙化后分离，对其钙化进程以及机理分析相对较少。因此本项目针对颗粒污泥钙化最核心的问题-颗粒污泥钙化时污泥微环境变化进行深入研究，就企业设备中颗粒污泥微环境变化进行长期跟踪检测，并在实验室中试设备上进行系统长期培养检测，明确高钙环境引起颗粒污泥钙化时微环境中的物质迁移、菌群衰亡、结构变化等一系列反应进程及相互影响。并通过改变微环境研究其对钙化进程的影响，明确主要影响因素，阐明处理高钙废水过程中微环境变化及导致钙化机理，并尝试建立钙化预防机制，以利于厌氧处理废水技术的进步。

厌氧污泥颗粒钙化严重困扰废纸造纸、柠檬酸及制糖等高钙浓废水的处理。钙离子大量沉积造成比产甲烷活性降低、微生物的活性周期变短、并且严重影响处理能力；甚至导致整个处理系统崩溃，颗粒污泥内部或表面完全钙化，系统往往需要3-6 个月才能重新恢复，成为高钙废水处理的顽疾[。部分企业因处理成本高或处理不达标面临关停风险，给企业造成极大的经济损失，同时给环境带来巨大危害。.在国基支持下系统研究了颗粒污泥钙化的原因，阐明解析了厌氧颗粒污泥径向碱度梯度和高碱度区钙沉积规律，阐明了碳酸钙微晶介导的钙内迁及钙化核生长的内核钙化机理，并最终构建微环境调控减缓或抑制污泥钙化技术体系，推导出通过信号分子、胞外聚合物、生物炭添加、pH调节等微环境调控强化微生物活性，预防和控制颗粒污泥钙化的机制，显著提高颗粒污泥产甲烷活性降低颗粒污泥钙化程度。并研发了复合磷基钙化抑制剂、微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀预处理技术、电絮凝法同时去除造纸废水中胶黏物和钙新技术同时解决困扰造纸颗粒污泥钙化和胶黏物沉积两大问题，促进我国乃至全球的高钙废水相关行业的发展。保护环境取得很高的社会价值和经济价值，并一定学术意义。