Sb-SnO2/OMC电催化膜对水中病原微生物的去除效果与机理研究

Water is an important medium for the spread of pathogenic microorganism. Water pollution will cause infectious diseases and pose a great threat to human health and public health. The removal and inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water plays an important role in prevention and control of the epidemic. Traditional disinfection methods often bring about secondary pollution and high energy consumption. As a new water treatment technology, electrocatalytic membrane technology combines the physical screening and electrochemical degradation, which can reduce energy consumption, alleviate membrane pollution, run continuously and effectively remove pathogenic microorganism. All of these advantages ensure an excellent application value In this project, ordered mesoporous carbon materials are used as carriers, and metal nanoparticles are deposited in the holes based on the limited role of their pores. The material gives high specific surface area and uniform pore structure, and achieves high loading rate and high dispersion of metal nanoparticles. By characterizing the microstructure of the material and the electrical properties of the tested materials, the relationship among preparation process, microstructure and electrical properties is established. The electrocatalytic membrane reaction system is further constructed to detect the removal efficiency of two representative microorganisms in water, and the technological conditions are optimized. The mechanism of the removal of microorganism by electrocatalytic membrane is systematically studied, which provides important theoretical support for this technology. This study is expected to be widely used in water treatment, epidemic prevention and military medicine.

水是病原微生物传播的重要媒介，水体污染会引发传染性疾病，给人类健康和公共卫生带来巨大的威胁。水中病原微生物的去除对于疫情防控具有非常重要的作用。传统的消毒方法往往带来二次污染和能源消耗问题，电催化膜技术作为一种新型的水处理技术，结合了膜的物理筛分和电化学降解，能够降低能耗、缓解膜污染，还可连续运行，有效去除水中的病原微生物，具有良好的应用价值。本项目以有序介孔碳材料为载体，基于其孔道的限域作用在孔内沉积金属纳米颗粒，赋予材料较高的比表面积、均一可调的孔结构，并实现金属纳米颗粒的高负载率和高分散度。通过表征材料的微观结构与测试材料的电性能，建立制备工艺与微观结构以及电性能之间的关系。进一步构建电催化膜反应体系，检测其对水中两种代表性微生物的去除效果，优化工艺条件。系统研究电催化膜去除微生物的作用机理，为这一技术提供重要理论支持。本研究将有望在水处理、疫情防控和军事医学等方面得到广泛应用。

水体生物性污染引起的水媒性疾病时有发生，严重威胁着人体健康，给公共卫生和社会秩序带来巨大影响。电催化膜将电催化氧化技术和膜分离过程耦合，可有效去除水中微生物，是一种新型电催化材料。.项目主要研究内容为新型电催化材料的制备与表征，电催化材料的电性能测试及电催化膜反应体系的构建，电催化膜去除水中病原微生物的性能研究，电催化膜对病原微生物的去除机理研究。.以有序介孔碳为载体，通过负压抽滤法和电沉积法制备出结构完整的锑沉积二氧化锡负载有序介孔碳的电催化膜Sb-SnO2/OMC，电催化膜的表面均匀负载了Sb-SnO2纳米颗粒，Sn和Sb的含量分别为6.53wt%和0.86wt%。.Sb-SnO2/OMC电催化膜具有良好和稳定的电化学性能，其析氧电势为1.75 V、加速寿命为7.98h。Sb-SnO2纳米颗粒的修饰增加了电催化膜活性位点，显著提高了电催化膜的析氧电势、Tafel斜率和加速寿命，有效抑制了电催化膜的析氧副反应。.构建了以Sb-SnO2/OMC电催化膜为阳极、不锈钢网为阴极、外接直流电源的电催化膜反应体系。该电催化膜反应体系对水中病原微生物具有良好的去除和灭活效果，在直流电压为3.0V或电流密度为75 mA/cm2下，电催化膜对水中浓度为1.0×104cfu/mL的大肠杆菌去除率为98.9%，对浓度为4.3×108FU/mL的MS2噬菌体灭活效果为3.77-log。.Sb-SnO2/OMC电催化膜在外加直流电场的作用下能够产生羟基自由基和单线态氧等活性氧物质。通过活性氧物质的催化氧化作用破坏了细菌的结构，衰竭了细菌的新陈代谢能力，使细菌失去维持生命活动的生理结构。活性氧物质能损伤病毒感染宿主菌的能力，当电流密度为75 mA/cm2时MS2噬菌体总蛋白含量下降了63.0%，使病毒无法感染宿主进行复制再生。因此，电催化膜的电催化氧化作用改变了病原微生物的结构组成而被灭活。.通过项目研究，确定了电催化膜的结构组成与电性能之间的关系，找出了电催化膜去除水中病原微生物效果的影响因素，明确了电催化膜对病原微生物的灭活机理，为电催化膜灭活水中病原微生物提供了理论支持和技术支撑。