上海郊区村镇建筑遗产保护再生的基本理论与典型范例研究

The purpose of this subject is to systematically rescue and protect the architectural heritage of Shanghai suburb villages and towns, take promoting inheritance and innovation of the regional culture characteristics as the prerequisite for architectural heritage's reasonable and effective reusing, in order to make the architectural heritage of villages and towns to reborn during the rapid urbanization. Through historical geography view, the topic deeply analysis the causes of regional human settlements environment of Shanghai suburb villages and towns, with "Geographical region - Traditional village / town - Historical blocks - Architectural heritage" four level structure frame system carried out in the study of basic theory, by using the key technology of GIS and DSS, comprehensive analysis the core characteristics and influence factors of the architectural heritage of Shanghai suburb villages and towns, establish the comprehensive assessment index system, explore a conservation and regeneration theoretical framework of architectural heritage, which meet the diverse regional characteristics of Shanghai suburb. At the same time, the suitability strategy is applied in the typical example of the conservation and regeneration of practice, which activate the rural traditional public space, renaissance the village intangible cultural heritage, innovate the folk culture inheritance mode, encourage the public cultural participation, enhance the supply of public cultural, build the villages and towns core cultural ecological circle, realize the coordinated development of urban and rural. Effectively launch the basic theory and practice application research work for promoting scientific and orderly manner of conservation and regeneration of the architectural heritage of Shanghai suburb villages and towns, and controlling the coordination of traditional style of architecture design of villages and towns.

课题对上海郊区村镇建筑遗产展开抢救性记录和系统性保护研究，并以促进地域特色传承创新为前提对其进行合理有效的再利用，使得在迅猛城市化进程中濒临消亡的村镇建筑遗产重获新生。课题以历史地理学视野对上海村镇区域人居环境成因做深层剖析，通过“地缘区域—传统村镇—历史街区—建筑遗产”四层级结构框架系统展开基础理论研究，借助GIS系统和决策支持系统等关键技术，全面分析村镇建筑遗产的核心特质与各要素影响因子，确立多元综合评价指标体系，探索符合多样化区域特征的上海郊区村镇建筑遗产保护再生研究理论框架。在此基础上，通过典型范例保护再生实践和适宜性策略应用，激活村镇传统公共空间，复兴村镇非物质文化遗产，创新民俗文化传承模式，激励公众文化参与，增强公共文化供给，构建村镇核心文化生态圈，实现城乡协同发展，为科学有序地推进上海郊区村镇建筑遗产保护再生、有效控制传统村镇建筑设计风貌协调等工作展开基础理论与实践应用研究。

上海作为国际化大都市，在近现代特征包裹下，同时具备悠久的历史文化。撤县建区前，在九个郊县的广袤区域里，传统江南乡土建筑扮演着与市区近现代公共建筑和里弄居住建筑同样重要的角色。研究上海传统建筑地域性特征，认知建筑文脉的传承与延续，对建筑遗产的保护再生有着重要价值，同时也是依托传统建筑文脉，奠定上海独具特色的城市风貌特征，以此形成区别于各个国际化大都市的文化底蕴和地域特色所在。. 基本理论研究层面，依托地缘区域—传统村镇—历史街区—建筑遗产四个层级结构体系，对上海郊区村镇建筑遗产展开抢救性记录和系统性保护研究。从历史地理学视野，对上海村镇人居环境历史文化成因做深层剖析，根据不同文化圈将上海分为四个地缘区域：青浦/金山/松江/闵行区域——松江、太湖流域文化圈；嘉定/宝山区域——平江文化圈；浦东/奉贤区域——沿海岸线江海交融文化圈；崇明区域——沙洲海岛文化圈。以此形成第一层级地缘区域研究范畴，提炼四个地缘区域的传统建筑特征要素，确立多元综合评价指标体系。渐次进入传统村镇—历史街区—建筑遗产三个层级研究，全面分析村镇建筑遗产的核心特质与各要素影响因子，探索符合多样化区域特征的上海郊区村镇建筑遗产保护再生研究理论框架。 . 典型案例研究层面，其一，选取新场、泗泾、仓城等古镇做村镇遗产保护再生实践典型范例研究，探讨激活村镇传统公共空间、复兴村镇非遗、创新民俗文化传承模式；思考增强公共文化供给、激励公众文化参与、构建村镇文化生态圈等策略，为村镇建筑遗产保护再生，以及有效调控新农村建筑设计风貌协调问题，展开基础理论研究与设计实践应用；其二，选取沿海岸线传统建筑进行勘察，探讨以绞圈房子为代表的上海地域性建筑，解析其历史发展变迁，从空间形态、居住文化、结构技术和低技生态特色方面，展开适宜性保护再生设计探索；其三，访谈上海乡土工匠，选取南汇区域传统工匠及其营造技艺展开研究，为建筑遗产保护修缮提供技术指导。