复杂梯级水库群水沙电生态多维协同调控原理与模型仿真

The optimal operation of cascade reservoirs is of great significance to water resources allocation，the harmonious relations of water and sediment，the efficiency of hydroelectric and improving the ecological environment. Reservoirs operation with characteristics of dynamic and high-dimensional nonlinear is increasingly severe with the increase of reservoirs quantity and operation objectives. The mechanism of multi-dimensional operation and control method are the key problems. For the research object of the group of the Yellow River cascade reservoirs，the response to the process of reservoirs operation is recognized is this study. The competition and cooperation relationship of water-sediment-electricity-ecology is revealed. The simulation and optimization model coupled water-sediment-electricity-ecology is proposed using collaborative optimization control methods. The scheduling schemes of Yellow River cascade reservoirs under varying environment are derived. The efficiency and effectiveness of cascade reservoir group of scheduling are improved. The results can provide decision-making reference for the unified management of water resources in the Yellow River and integrated operation of cascade reservoirs.

充分发挥流域梯级水库群的综合效益对优化流域水资源配置、协调河流水沙关系、提高水电能源效率、改善生态环境意义重大。随着梯级水库数量不断增加、调度目标日益多元化，梯级水库群调度具有的动态、高维非线性问题更加复杂，各目标之间、过程之间相互制约和冲突日益加剧，当前研究面临复杂系统耦合机制认知瓶颈和多过程协同控制方法难题，迫切需要更加高效的优化调度方法以指导梯级水库群科学、高效运行。本项目以黄河梯级水库群为研究对象，揭示流域梯级水库群系统耦合机制，明晰流域供水、河道输沙、系统发电、河流生态对水库群调度的过程响应，创建梯级水库群多维协同控制原理，建立梯级水库群水沙电生态等多过程的协同调度仿真模型，创新复杂巨系统协同优化求解方法，实现梯级水库群水沙电生态协同调度，提高梯级水库群调度的效率和效能。研究成果对于流域水资源管理和工程调度实践具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。

针对复杂梯级水库群水沙电生态协同优化调度的动态、高维非线性问题，项目剖析了梯级水库群调度下流域供水、河道输沙、梯级发电、河流生态之间以水为纽带的竞争与协作关系，揭示了梯级水库群水沙电生态耦合机制与协同控制原理；建立了黄河梯级水库群水沙电生态多维协同调度仿真模型，创建了复杂梯级水库群多维协同调度技术，研发了多维协同调度平台，提出了适应环境变化的黄河梯级水库群水沙电生态多维协同调度方案，开展了黄河梯级水库群多维协同调度应用示范。研究成果对于提高黄河梯级水库群调控能力、提高流域综合效益以及保障河流生态安全具有重要科学意义。