The properties of relaxor ferroelectric PMN-PT single crystal, such as piezoelectric constant, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and strain capacity, are much greater than those of piezoelectric ceramics. From fabrication consideration, PMN-PT single crystals are more favored in the next generation electromechanical devices, including piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, sensors, actuators, ultrasonic motors, etc. PMN-PT single crystal has the property of strong anisotropy and their macroscopic symmetry depends on the polarizing direction, which is different from the transversely isotropic piezoelectric ceramics. Duo to this fact, more particularities and complexities of the elastic waves propagating in such materials and corresponding sturctures would be considered. The various wave modes are strong coupling and the dispersion curves are more intricate. The layered and periodic structures are often used in acoustic wave device, and thus, this project will focus on the surface wave, interface wave and guided wave propagating in these typical structures consisting of PMN-PT single crystal and other elastic media. The characteristics of propagation, reflection, and refraction of elastic wave in the surface and interface of the composite structures will be drawn based on the analysis of various influence factors. To show the characteristics of elastic wave propagating in layered structure with various loadings and surroundings, we will try to access several analytical solutions to the elastic waves when the composite materials and structures are subjected to the arbitrary distributing prestressed and electric fields as well as the liquid loading. A set of experimental system will be established to perform correctness verification on the theoretical results. The research can offer some fundamental theory to the design and application of acoustic wave and microwave device.
弛豫铁电单晶PMN-PT的压电常数、机电耦合系数和应变量均远远超过目前广泛应用的压电陶瓷,是制作新一代压电超声换能器、传感器、驱动器和致动器的理想材料。与压电陶瓷不同,PMN-PT单晶的宏观对称性与其极化方向有关,而且具有较强的各向异性,弹性波在其中的传播呈现出许多特殊的现象,各种波型强烈耦合,频散曲线非常复杂。鉴于此,本项目将对压电声波器件的几种典型构型(层状结构和周期复合结构)中的表面波、界面波和导波开展较为系统的研究,揭示弹性波在材料或结构表面或界面传播、反射和折射的基本规律,分析各种因素对弹性波传播特性的影响。在此基础上,进一步考虑外部场和环境因素,如任意分布的预应力、电场以及流体载荷作用情况,研究弹性波的传播性能,并通过实验验证层状结构中导波理论解的正确性。研究成果可为基于PMN-PT单晶的各种声波和微波器件的优化设计和工程应用提供理论基础。
弛豫铁电单晶 PMN-PT在准同型相界附近具有异常高的压电活性,其压电常数超过普通PZT压电陶瓷的3-5倍,是制作新一代、高灵敏度超声换能器、传感器、医学超声以及水下声纳设备的理想材料。与压电陶瓷不同,PMN-PT单晶的宏观对称性与极化方向、PT含量有关,且多数情况下具有较低的对称性,因此,搞清楚弹性波在其中的传播规律具有重要的学术价值和应用前景。本项目对基于PMN-PT单晶的几种典型层状结构中的表面波、界面波和导波进行了深入研究,获得了各种波动问题的解析解,分析各种模式的耦合和子波波型,厘清了Christoffel声张量的数学性质和基本波场的组成,同时,讨论了单晶的切割角度、极化方向、边界条件、几何尺寸等各种参数对弹性波传播速度、机电耦合系数以及模态的影响规律,结果表明,通过调整单晶的切割角度、改变几何尺寸和施加不同边界条件,可实现对弹性波传播性能的有效调控。在此基础上,考虑不均匀分布的初应力,研究层状半空间结构中SH波的传播特性,利用Frobenius法获得了问题的半解析解,结果表明,Frobenius法对不均匀外场作用下的波动问题较为有效,可获得较高精度的解答。考虑粘性流体载荷的作用,研究SH波在PMN-PT层状结构中的传播,推导了相速度频散方程,解决了固液耦合系统中导波和泄漏波数值计算的不稳定性。引入剪切滞后模型描述层状结构的界面性质,研究不同粘接强度下,层状结构中SH波和Lamb波的传播速度和频散特性,揭示了弱界面对层合结构波动性能的影响规律。利用非局部理论,研究了表面效应对压电纳米板和纳米圆柱中平面波和反平面波传播特性的影响,给出了板边界处的非典型应力平衡条件,采用势函数法获得了问题的解析解,计算了表面效应的临界尺度,证实了频散特征的尺寸依赖性。项目取得的成果,可为PMN-PT单晶类压电器件的优化设计以及提高其环境适应性提供理论基础,项目采用的研究方法,可为其他单晶类压电器件的设计研发和性能调控提供借鉴。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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