内陆半干旱平原盐碱区"成盐结构"研究- - 以包头市山前平原为例

In the arid and semiarid region of our country, majority of the soil salinization happens in flat areas near the water source, such as flatland, stream terrace, lowland, where are the principal grain producing and economic areas of the inland region of our country. As the influence factors causing the salinization are extremely complicated, the problem hasn't been dealt with efficiently so far.The pediment plain land of Baotou is a typical example of inland semiarid plain land in China. It is found in the initial research period that the occurrence and development of salinization in such areas is greatly influenced by the shallow stratigraphic configurations. According to this, this project selected the pediment plain land of Baotou as the research area for further study. (1) According to the influence degree on salinization of shallow stratigraphic configurations, divide the configurations into categories such as 'salinization structure' and 'non-salinization structure': ① Use physical geography tools, together with drilling statistics, to clarify the shallow stratigraphic configuration and other hydrogeology situation of search area. ② Use the 3S method, combined with result of on-site investigation, to investigate the distribution of different kinds of saline-sodic soil in research area, establish a database of saline-sodic soil distribution and shallow stratigraphic configurations. Divide the research area into different salinization structure areas by levels. （2）Research the salinization mechanism of hallow stratigraphic configurations: ① Study the geochemistry and physical geography characters of the 'capillary water' in the soil, to prove that the 'capillary water' is the primary carrier of saline and alkaline substance solute during the process of inland semiarid plain land salinization, and discuss the influence and control on the 'capillary water' movement caused by different salinization structures, in order to reveal the 'salinization control' mechanism of salinization structures. ① By researching the influence and control on the lateral displacement and vertical displacement of soil moisture and salt content caused by salinization structures, to understand the 'salinization control' mechanism of salinization structures. With the help of the research discussed above, a theoretical foundation of soil salinization control of this area will be provided, which could also be used as a reference for the research and production activities by related regions and areas.

选择典型内陆半干旱平原区包头市山前平原区为研究区，（1）依据其浅部地层结构对盐碱化的影响程度，将浅部地层结构划分为"成盐结构"和"非盐结构"等类型。①引入地球物理方法，并结合钻孔资料，探明研究区浅部地层结构状况；②应用3S技术，并结合实地勘查，查明研究区各类盐碱土的分布情况，建立研究区盐碱土分布及浅部地层结构数据库。通过聚类分析，将研究区划分为不同级别的成盐结构类型区；（2）探索浅部地层结构对盐碱化的影响机理：①通过对土体中"毛细水"地球化学、地球物理性质的研究，证实"毛细水"是内陆半干旱平原区盐碱化过程中盐碱溶质的主要载体，并探讨不同成盐结构对"毛细水"运动的影响和控制作用，以揭示成盐结构的"控盐"机理；②通过研究成盐结构对水盐侧向位移和竖向位移的影响和控制作用，揭示成盐结构的"控盐"机理。通过上述研究，为本区盐碱化的防治提供理论依据，也为同类地区的研究和生产活动提供借鉴。

按计划完成了项目研究内容，提出并严格定义了与盐碱化形成与治理相关的一系列新概念，划分了研究区浅部地层“成盐结构”类型，并对整个研究区进行了浅部地层“成盐结构”类型分区。在此基础上，建立了内陆半干旱平原盐碱区“成盐结构”类型体系。. 项目研究中研发了“防治盐碱化的顺流排井方法”和“防治盐碱化的适度浅井方法”等两项盐碱化治理新方法、新技术，并已申请了国家专利。该两项新技术具有治盐彻底、设施成本低、经久耐用、工程实施简单、易于推广利用等优点。. 项目研究中研发了“近根返渗灌”和“浅井侧渗灌”等两项节水灌溉新技术，也已申请了国家专利。该两项新技术具有节水效率高、设施成本低、占地面积小、不影响田间作业等优点，具有很大的推广利用价值。. 项目培养青年教师3名。经过项目研究增强了他们实际动手能力，提高了理论水平和科研能力，提高了教学水平，增强了团结协作意识，提高了综合素质。. 项目经费使用能按计划书执行，现仅留出论文发表费部分，其余都已投入使用。