钙钛矿型太阳能电池稳定性的机理研究及其光伏器件性能提高

With the steadily growth of the sunlight to electricity conversion efficiency of perovskite based solar cell (PSC), the long-term stability of this type of solar cells becomes an avoidable issue, since it is the key factor to determine whether this technology would be commercialized in the future. Thus, in this proposal, we present a fundamental study to investigate the factors such as humidity, temperature, carrier gas and UV light radiation, which would affect the long-term stability of perovskite materials and carbon electrode based perovskite solar cells. The relationship between the perovskite materials preparation, device fabrication, device operation and stability within the operational duration will be elucidated. The mechanism governs the device stability would be clarified from this study. To further improve the conversion efficiency of carbon electrode based perovskite solar cells, the composite hole transporting material (HTM) consisting of carbon and hydrophobic polymer such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) are incorporated between the perovskite material and electrode, which is expected to improve the coverage of perovskite than carbon itself. The influence of the composite HTM on the perovskite materials degradation, device photovoltaic performance and device long-term stability will be systematically investigated. The high performance with good stability perovskite solar cells would be constructed during this study. This research will have a great impact on the understanding of the stability of PSCs, and it would also have the potential to bring this type of technology to the commercial application.

在钙钛矿型太阳能电池效率不断攀升的情况下，其电池的稳定性问题变得尤为突出。因此，本申请着重开展钙钛矿型太阳能电池材料和器件的稳定性机理研究，将主要通过研究影响钙钛矿材料和电池稳定性的因素诸如湿度，温度，载气，紫外光等，阐明碳对电极钙钛矿型太阳能电池材料和电池的制备工艺，器件性能，工作机理以及电池稳定性之间的关系，揭示制约钙钛矿型太阳能电池稳定性的作用规律。针对碳对电极钙钛矿型太阳能电池器件性能的提高，本申请将采用不同复合空穴传输层如碳纳米管/聚合物，石墨烯/聚合物等复合体系，研究复合空穴传输层对钙钛矿材料降解速率的影响，复合空穴传输层对电池光电转换性能的影响，以及空穴传输层在湿度和温度等外在条件下，对钙钛矿型电池稳定性的影响规律，构筑具有高稳定性及高效率的钙钛矿型太阳能电池体系。本项目的实施对解决高性能钙钛矿型太阳能电池的稳定性具有重要的科学意义和现实意义。

本课题主要进行了基于碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性的应用基础研究。钙钛矿材料和电池稳定性的主要影响因素包括湿度，温度，载气，紫外光等，以及电池内在各界面对电池活性层的影响。钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性问题是当前钙钛矿电池领域迅速发展的一个重要的瓶颈性难题，引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。通常提高电池稳定性的方法主要包括：采用更稳定的电池光吸收材料，替换现有功能层尤其是空穴传输层等，或者采用封装策略提高钙钛矿太阳能电池在环境中的耐受性。本课题主要采用了无机和有机空穴传输层，构筑碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池，着重提高了电池的光电转换效率和稳定性，制作的最优化的碳基钙钛矿电池的光电转换效率达到了10%以上，研究了空穴传输层对电池性能的影响，成功制备了具有高稳定性及高效率的钙钛矿型太阳能电池。本项目的实施为提高钙钛矿型太阳能电池的稳定性提供了很好的实验探索。在国内外学术期刊上已经发表“SCI”收录论文6篇，其中受邀撰写英文综述文章发表在Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics期刊上，引用已达47次（web of science数据），此外，在国内外光伏电池会议做口头报告3次，培养毕业硕士研究生2人。