新型功能化生物吸附复合材料的制备及其吸附废水中铅离子的行为与机理研究

Lead pollution, an “invisible killer”, has become a serious threat to citizen’s health in our country. How to efficiently reduce environmental pollution caused by lead compound is a puzzle for decades. In this study, the pre-separated serratia marcescens, which can significantly adsorb lead ions, was processed with magnetic separation, nanotechnology and molecular imprinting technology. The obtained lead ion imprinted magnetic biological composite adsorption materials has been prepared, and the response surface method is used to determine the best process conditions in this project. The bind and kinetics information of this adsorption behavior of lead ion on this new type composite material will be investigated. GA-BP neural network method also will be introduced to set up the influence factors prediction and control model of the adsorption of this new type adsorption materials in Pb2+ systems. The environment influence factors and control variables of this composite material in large-scale application are explored. This new functional biological adsorption composite material which has a large adsorption capacity, good selectivity, easy separation and easy recovery, will be studied experimentally and theoretically. Furthermore, it will provide scientific theoretical foundation and technical support for large-scale practical application in the industrial wastewater treatment.

铅污染已成为严重威胁我国公民健康的“隐形杀手”，如何有效地解决含铅废弃物对水环境的污染是亟待解决的科学难题。本项目在分离筛选获得对铅离子有显著吸附效果的粘质沙雷氏菌基础上，结合磁性分离、纳米和分子印迹技术，制备新型的铅离子印迹磁性生物吸附复合材料，并运用响应曲面法确定最佳制备工艺条件；通过对该新型复合材料吸附铅离子的热力学和动力学研究，揭示其吸附铅离子的作用规律并明确其吸附机理；引入GA-BP神经网络方法，建立铅离子印迹磁性生物吸附材料吸附铅离子体系的影响因素预测与控制模型，讨论该复合型吸附材料大规模应用的环境影响因素与控制变量。本项目的完成将制备出吸附容量大、选择性好、易分离、易回收的新型功能化生物吸附复合材料，同时为明确该种复合型吸附材料的吸附过程和生物吸附机理奠定理论基础，为该新型功能材料在含铅工业废水处理方面的大规模实际应用提供科学的理论依据和技术支持。

含铅废水来源广、毒性大，严重危害自然环境和人体健康，因此对其进行处理尤为必要。本项目以粘质沙雷氏菌菌丝体为核心材料，Pb(II)为印迹离子，壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖为印迹载体，Fe3O4为磁性组分，运用磁分离、离子印迹等技术成功制备了两种新型功能化生物吸附复合材料；探讨了交联剂的用量、壳聚糖的用量、磁性纳米Fe3O4的用量、固化反应时间、温度和pH值等单因素对吸附性能的影响，并利用响应面法优化了制备工艺，获得了最佳工艺条件，最大限度的提高了吸附容量（吸附容量可达71.34 mg/g，铅离子去除率可达89.27%）；研究了新型生物复合材料吸附材料吸附Pb2+离子的吸附动力学和热力学行为，明确了复合材料吸附Pb2+离子的主要机制包括静电吸附、化学络合、离子交换和微沉淀。引入GA-BP神经网络的理论与方法，创新性地建立了新型功能化生物吸附复合材料吸附体系的影响因素的预测与控制模型，达到了良好的预测效果，为吸附实验的定量研究开创出一条有效的途径。本项目的实施为铅离子印迹磁性生物吸附复合材料的开发及其工程化处理含铅工业废水奠定良好基础。本项目实施期间已授权4项发明专利，申请3项发明专利，在国际国内重要期刊发表论文13篇，其中SCI收录12篇，培养了博士生2人，硕士生11名，项目成果满足计划书的要求，达到结题条件。