季风环流影响下的南海海洋细菌多样性特征及其生物海洋学意义

Bacteria, is of central importance in the ocean, mediate the fluxes of matter and energy, and responds to marine physical processes. Basinwide scale ocean general circulation driven by the monsoon in the South China Sea plays an important role in the fluctuation of the marine ecosystems. The distribution of bacteria associated with the monsoon circulation is yet poorly understood. In this study, samples will be collected annually in different seasons from set stations in the South China Sea. Parameters of oceanic physical processes, nutrient concentration and total biomass will be enumerated and analyzed. We will combine high-throughput pyrosequencing based culture-indepent and selectively isolation based culture-dependent methods to describe in detail bacterial diversity from these stations. Moreover, the dynamic of bacterial communities associated with oceanic physical process will be investigated, and the mechanism of response of bacterial community to the monsoon circulation will be further explained. This study will highlight that it is essential to consider the coupling between microbial and physical oceanography to fully understand the diversity and function of marine microbes. This work is also significant for more accurately incorporating the details of microbial diversity and physiology in to oceanographic models, and will contribute to the development of microbial oceanography.

季风驱动下的南海海盆尺度环流呈现显著的季节性变动过程，直接影响甚至控制着南海海洋生态系统的演化进程。海洋细菌作为海洋生态系统中物质能量流动的重要驱动力，积极响应着海洋动力过程。本项目拟在南海通过定点站位分季节多年度的重复采样，跟踪观测海洋动力要素，测定样品的化学及生物参数；应用高通量焦磷酸测序手段和纯培养选择性分离培养技术相结合的方法，系统研究南海海洋细菌多样性特征，探讨海洋细菌群落动态变化与海洋动力过程的关联，从而了解海洋细菌对季风环流过程的响应，揭示海洋细菌与海洋环境动力过程的耦合机制，进而阐述海洋细菌的生物海洋学意义。

季风驱动下的南海海洋动力过程有着季节性的多尺度变化特征，显著影响南海海洋生态系统的演化进程。海洋细菌作为海洋生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的重要组成部分，对环境变化和海洋多尺度动力过程有着积极的响应。本项目通过物理海洋学、生物海洋学、微生物学、生态学、遗传学等多个学科的交叉研究，进一步加深了对季风影响下南海中尺度与次中尺度动力过程的理解，揭示了南海上层水体中细菌群落的垂直层化特征和海盆尺度的经度分布格局，并从动力学角度解释了南海北部细菌群落结构对局地上升流和锋面过程的响应机制；分离、保藏海洋细菌4200余株，有效描述新科2个，新属8个，新物种15个；从遗传学及群体生物学层面解析了海洋细菌的生态适应机制，深化了南海细菌多样性对季风环流响应机制的理解。研究成果有望进一步推动南海海洋动力学及其生态环境效应的多学科交叉研究，有助于深入系统地认识海洋细菌的生物海洋学意义，明晰海洋动力过程在全球海洋生态系统中的重要调节作用，更好地服务于南海生态建设和海洋资源开发。. 已发表研究论文35篇，其中SCI论文27篇，编著专著1部；获授权发明专利1件；获2014年国家技术发明奖二等奖1项，2013年中国专利优秀奖1项，项目负责人获首届（2017）全国创新争先奖。培养博士研究生3人，硕士研究生7人。培养了一批青年科技人才，其中项目骨干1人获“国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金”，2人获“广东省杰出青年科学基金”。