基于泡沫玻璃原理的无机膨胀防火涂料的优化设计及机理研究

organic intumescent fire resistive coating has mang advantages in passive fire protection of civil buildings, chemical plants, and other facilities. On the contrary, the intumescent fire-resistive coating has some shortcomes, such as the weak water resistance and weather resistance, the toxic gas release, the low adhesive strength and the easy oxidation of foaming layer under high temperature, the expensive price, and so on. So the inorganic intumescent fire resistive coating(IIFRC) is researched which based on foam glass methode. The IIFRC include the follow compents, low-melting point glasses as low temperature flux for reducing the foaming temperature. Silicates, hydroxides, carbonates and their mixture are applied for foaming agent. The redispersible emulsion powder is employed as low temperature binder and water resistance. The phosphate is used as high temperature binder. The effect of the basic composition, low melting point glasses and phosphates on water resistance, bond strength, fire resistance are studied. By mixing macroscopic and microscopic analysis, the relationship of composition-structure– fire resistance of IIFRC are confirmed, and the parameters of kinetic and thermodynamic of expansion reaction are proposed, Intumescent fire retardant mechanisms are clarified. In the end, the regulation mechanism of IIFRC property is established. In a word, the research will promote IIFRC application.

项目针对现有膨胀型防火涂料的不足：耐水、耐候性差，有毒气体释放，发泡层高温粘结力低、易氧化而影响防火能力，以及价昂等，依据泡沫玻璃的发泡原理，拟采用低熔点玻璃粉为无机膨胀型防火涂料的低温熔剂，降低涂料的发泡温度，以部分硅酸盐和氢氧化物、碳酸盐及其复合物为发泡剂，应用可再分散乳胶粉和磷酸盐为低温、高温粘结剂及防水剂来生产该无机膨胀型防火涂料。通过研究涂料的基础组成、低熔点玻璃粉和磷酸盐的掺加等因素对涂料耐水性、粘结力、防火性能的影响规律，优化涂料组成；利用宏观和微观表征结合的方法，研究防火材料组成-结构-防火性能间的关系，得到涂料膨胀反应的动力学、热力学参数，阐明膨胀防火机理，提出涂料性能的调控机制。通过研究，将为这一新型、绿色环保、高性能的无机膨胀型防火涂料的应用提供理论基础。

项目针对现有有机超薄膨胀型防火涂料耐水、耐候性差，有毒气体释放，发泡层高温粘结力低、易氧化而影响防火能力，以及价昂等的不足，依据熔体发泡原理制备400℃以下能发泡膨胀、耐水的无机超薄膨胀型防火涂料。.项目首先研究无机防火涂料基础组成对涂料常温成膜性能、常温粘结力、发泡倍数、防火稳定最高温度、发泡层结构等性能的影响规律并进行优化组成。研究结果表明：优化组成为10B2O3-30BaO-60P2O5低熔点玻璃粉7.0%、乳胶粉2.0%、氢氧化铝37.0%、氧化镁10.0%、固体硅酸钠5.4%、液体硅酸钠37.6%磷酸铝1.0%，有机硅4.0%。涂料常温成膜光滑，粘结力0.8m自由落体可达12次，发泡倍数在14倍以上，最高稳定阻燃温度约240℃。设计了双层防火涂料的优化组成为内层涂料配方为3.0模数液体硅酸钠59.8%，氢氧化铝36.3%，乳胶粉3.9%；外层涂料配方为为3.0模液体硅酸钠43.2%，氢氧化铝32.4%，氧化镁14.4%,低熔点玻璃5%，乳胶粉5%。发泡倍数为11倍左右，最高防火温度保持在230C左右。研究表明模数为2和2.5的固体硅酸钠复配可以取代固液复配，实现涂料储存与运输的便利化。.针对耐水性不足的问题，表明以环己烷和乙酸乙酯以2：1的体积比复配为溶剂，聚苯乙烯浓度20%，掺加1%的增塑剂，涂覆2次，防火涂料24h吸水率为2.0%，涂层无脱落，耐膨胀涂层防火温度165℃，膨胀13.6倍。防火涂料能够满足耐水和防火的要求。.与市面P-C-N有机超薄膨胀型防火涂料的性能进行了对比结果表明：有毒烟气量减少达90%以上，残余物提高70%以上，涂层强度提高350倍以上，防火时间长。涂料耐水膨胀防火的机理为：以水玻璃和可再分散乳胶粉为粘结剂保证涂料优异的常温粘结力及成膜性。聚苯乙烯涂覆保证优异的耐水性及长寿命。常温至200℃时，各组分间基本以物理混合方式存在。当温度大于200℃时，通过熔融、失水、发泡和生成耐高温的硅酸镁和硅酸铝等物质，保证了涂层在高温下的发泡防火功能及1000℃下的稳定性。