微管式固体氧化物燃料电池集流及界面兼容性研究

The targets of this program are to enhance the output power density, to improve the stability and to prolong the life of the micro tubular solid oxide fuel cell (MT-SOFC). Two scientific problems, which consist of weak compatibility between multi-layer inorganic membranes and low current-collecting efficiency, are intended to solve. A type of tri-layer micro tube, which consists of cermet current-collecting layer/anode functional layer/electrolyte membrane, is fabricated in one step through a phase-inversion co-spinning-sintering process. Thereafter the single cell is prepared by dip-coating and sintering of cathode on the top of the electrolyte membrane. The relationship between the composition of the cermet support layer and its current-collecting efficiency is studied. The mechanisms of the transferring, reaction, peeling off, or interfusion on the interfaces between the multi-layer membranes such as current-collecting layer, anode functional layer, electrolyte membrane and cathode layer are discovered. The valid processes for increasing the current-collecting efficiency, diminishing interface defects, decreasing interface impedance and improving the multilayer compatibility is explored. The results of this study will amplify the theoretical system of the current-collecting study and interface compatibility research of fuel cell area, simplify the preparation process of MT-SOFC, enhance the power density and stability of the cell. This work will be helpful to the research and development works of solid oxide fuel cell area theoretically and technologically.

本课题以提高微管式固体氧化物燃料电池（MT-SOFC）输出功率密度、改善其稳定性及使用寿命为总体研究目标，拟重点解决多层无机膜界面兼容性差、集流效率不高两个关键科学问题。课题采用相转化共纺丝-共烧结技术，一步制备金属陶瓷集流层/阳极功能层/致密电解质膜三层复合微管，浸渍阴极后形成MT-SOFC；研究集流层组成和结构对电流收集效率的影响，阐释成型-烧结过程中集流层、阳极功能层、电解质层及阴极层的界面扩散、反应、剥离或融合机理；探索提升集流效率、消减界面缺陷、降低界面阻抗、改善各层界面兼容性的有效途径。课题成果旨在丰富燃料电池集流方法及界面相容性理论研究体系，简化制备工艺、提高电池功率密度及稳定性，为高性能SOFC研发及产业化提供有效的理论依据及技术支撑。

微管SOFC因其具有体积功率密度高、启动和稳定时间短、便于密封和连接、易于组装等优点，在微小型便携电源和移动电源领域表现出强大的竞争力。本项目以提高微管式固体氧化物燃料电池（MT-SOFC）输出功率密度、改善其稳定性及使用寿命为总体研究目标，重点研究了阴极/电解质、阳极/电解质界面兼容性及集流层微结构等。课题采用相转化共纺丝-共烧结技术，一步制备出了具有使阳极及电解质一体化的单层微管、阳极/电解质、抗积碳阳极/阳极功能层、阴极/电解质、阴极/阴极功能层等双层中空纤维、金属陶瓷集流层/阳极功能层/致密电解质膜三层复合微管，并将其推广至氢渗透、氧渗透等领域；通过调节铸膜液的粘度调控了集流层微结构，利用多种表征方法研究了电极/电解质界面相互融合机制。具有一体化结构的微管SOFC可耐50个热循环，抗积碳阳极/阳极功能层支撑的微管SOFC在200h内运转良好；具有阴极功能层的微管SOFC输出功率较高。此课题公开发表SCI一区论文8篇，二区5篇，四区1篇，会议论文10篇，培养研究生10名，授权发明专利8项，获得天津市自然科学三等奖1项，山东省自然科学二等奖1项(已公示)，山东理工大学科技进步一等奖1项。课题成果极大丰富了燃料电池集流及界面相容性理论研究体系，简化制备工艺、提高电池功率密度及稳定性，为高性能SOFC研发及产业化提供有效的理论依据，并为多孔陶瓷支撑的氧渗透膜、氢渗透膜提供了技术支持。