言语产生中语义效应的发生机制：行为与事件相关电位研究

Semantic effects in speech production is a fundmental component in the understanding of lexical retrieval and speech production processes.A major form to study semantic effects is the picture-word interference paradigm (PWI). In the standard version of this paradigm, participants are instructed to name a picture of common object while ignoring a distractor word superimposed on it . It is a well-established finding that participants are slower to name the picture when the distractor word comes from the same semantic category as the target word (e, g., for a picture of a dog, target utterance "dog"; distractor word "cat") than when the distractor word comes from a different semantic category(e.g.,TREE-dog).This phenomenon is called semantic interference effects(SIE).Further studies show that seamntically related distractors will also facilitate the latencies of picture naming, which is referred to as semantic facilitation effects(SFE). There is debate about the nature and locus of the semantic effects. So it is necessary for futher study to explore more other factors that will bring great influence on semantic effects and construct a comprehensive model. In this project, we will combine the methods of behaviour and cognitive neruosccience research(ERP) to investigate the cognitive and neural mechansim of semantic effects in PWI in 4 part. Part 1 will study the role of language on semantic effects by exploring the picture naming features of bilinguistism and bimodal bilingualism . The influence of the subject variables will be studied in Part 2. Those variables include age, working memory capacity, vividness of visual imagery and verbal fluency. By this part, we can find the relationship bewteen the ability of interference suppresion and semantic effect. Part 3 will explore the neural mechanism of semantic effect in ERP study which will tell us the time course of semantic effect during languae production. A comprehensive model of semantic effect in PWI paradigm will be constructed at the end of this project which shows great flexibility because it can explain almost experimental results found in this project and previous studies.The comprehensive model will show that semntice effects are caused by competition as well as response exclusion and will appear at several levels in language production. Which mechanism acts is determined by the factors that influence semantic effects. This model has great implication of the lexical retrieval during language production.

言语产生中语义效应的发生机制是理解人类言语产生过程不可或缺的内容。针对当前研究者关于语义效应发生实质的理解分歧颇大的现状，本项目拟综合使用行为研究和事件相关电位（ERP）研究，探讨语义效应的影响因素及神经基础，揭示语义效应的发生机制，为解决理论之争提供广泛的行为实验证据和脑科学证据。具体研究内容有四：第一，考察语言属性和语言类型等客观因素对语义效应的影响，明确语义效应的语言普通性与语言特异性；第二，探讨主体的干扰抑制能力对语义效应的影响，明确语义效应发生的主、客观条件；第三，对照某些行为实验，利用ERP技术探查语义效应在言语产生中的发生阶段，明确其神经基础；第四，利用元分析方法，综合分析语义效应的发生机制，构建综合模型。这一模型由于综合考虑了主、客观因素的影响，结合了行为研究和ERP研究的结果，它的建构对于丰富语义效应理论、理解言语产生过程具有重要意义，对自然语言信息处理有重要的参考价值。

言语产生中语义效应的发生机制是理解人类言语产生过程不可或缺的内容。针对当前研究者关于语义效应发生实质的理解分歧颇大的现状，本项目综合采用了行为研究和事件相关电位研究，探讨语义效应的影响因素及其神经基础，揭示语义效应的发生机制，为解决理论之争提供广泛的行为实验证据和脑科学证据。. 研究一考查了熟悉性、典型性、语言属性、语义关联强度等客体变量与情境一致性、情境可获得性等情境变量对语义效应的影响，发现语义效应受多种因素的影响，既具有语言普遍性，又有语言特异性。研究二探讨了年龄、工作记忆容量、视觉表象清晰度和言语流畅性等主体变量对语义效应的影响，发现这些变量均对语义效应有显著影响，语义干扰效应是主体抑制干扰不成功所致。研究一和二综合表明，语义效应是在客体变量、主体变量和情境变量共同影响下产生的，其性质和强度具有多样化和动态化。研究三用ERP技术考查了语义干扰效应的发生阶段，发现语义干扰效应发生在语义激活、词条选择、语音编码的多个阶段，佐证了行为研究的结果。研究四综合分析了语义效应的发生实质，认为语义效应的产生是选择机制和抑制机制分工合作的结果，发生在言语产生的多个阶段，并构建了语义效应的“选择-抑制模型”。该模型综合了当前多个理论，不仅能较好地解释本项目的研究结果，对已有的研究现象也能做出较为完美的说明，体现出较强的灵活性与普适性。. 本项目研究对言语产生理论具有意义，启示言语产生的三个阶段：概念激活、词条选择和音位编码之间既不完全是模块化的、独立的，也不是完全没有界限的；对自然语言信息处理也有重要的参考价值。. 项目成员基本按照计划任务书所指定的研究计划和研究内容进行了研究，达到了预期的研究目标。共发表5篇论文（均标明基金资助号，其中SSCI刊物1篇，CSSCI刊物1篇）；国际会议论文报告4篇；相关成果获得江西省哲学社会科学优秀成果三等奖2项；申请发明专利两项，已经获得受理；培养硕士生和本科生多名。