长空气间隙放电暂态强电场三维时域探测关键理论与技术研究

As the construction and implementation of ultrahigh-voltage power transmission and transformation projects, further study of long air gap discharging mechanisms become more urgent. It is significant for the mechanisms researching of long air gap discharge to measure the discharging electric field accurately. For a long time, the metal capacitive sensor is the main technique for measurement of long air gap discharging electric field. However, as this kind of metal sensor has larger interference with the original electric field, bigger volume, poor anti-electromagnetic interference ability and poor measurement accuracy, the discharging electric field in or near the streamer channel has not yet been measured accurately. A new three dimensional (3D) integrated optical waveguide electric field sensor is proposed and researched in this project. Through theory analysis between the sensor electrode structure with its bandwidth, half wave electric field, a sensor which has wide bandwidth and can be used for measurement of intensive transient electric field is designed. Based on working point stabilization researching, a control system without bias voltage for the integrated optical waveguide 3D electric field sensor is realized using hardware and software technology. The resonance influence to the integrated optical waveguide electric field sensor is eliminated based on theory analysis. Using the developed 3D transient intensive integrated optical waveguide electric field sensor, the long air gap discharging 3D intensive transient electric field can be measured accurately in the time domain.

随着我国特高压输变电工程的建设与实施，深入研究长空气间隙放电的机理变得更加迫切，准确地测量长间隙放电空间暂态电场，对放电机理的深入研究具有重要意义。长期以来，对放电电场的测量主要采用金属电容式传感器，但是这种金属结构的电场传感器对被测电场干扰大、探头体积大、抗电磁干扰能力弱、测量精度不高，因此一直无法准确地对长空气间隙放电流注通道附近及其内部电场进行三维时域测量。本课题提出一种新型集成光波导三维电场传感器，通过深入研究传感器电极与其带宽、半波电场的理论关系，寻求设计一种适应暂态强电场测量的光波导电场传感器；对三维电场传感器工作点的稳定进行研究，并通过软硬件实现一种不加偏置的工作点控制技术；深入研究晶体压电效应对电场传感器的影响，并寻求从源头上消除谐振。最后有望实现采用研制的集成光波导三维暂态强电场传感器准确地对长空气间隙放电空间暂态强电场进行三维时域测量。

随着我国特高压输变电工程的建设与实施，深入研究长空气间隙放电的机理变得更加迫切，准确地测量长间隙放电空间暂态电场，对放电机理的深入研究具有重要意义。长期以来，对放电电场的测量主要采用金属电容式传感器，但是这种金属结构的电场传感器对被测电场干扰大、探头体积大、抗电磁干扰能力弱、测量精度不高，因此一直无法准确地对长空气间隙放电流注通道附近及其内部电场进行三维时域测量。.本课题提出了一种由一个集成光波导一维电场传感器和一个二维电场传感器构成的三维电场传感器结构，深入研究了传感器电极与其带宽、半波电场之间的理论关系；通过建模仿真，优化设计出了光波导一维和二维电场传感器波导及天线电极的结构尺寸；研究了光波导电场传感器工作点漂移的机理，并通过软硬件研发了一种基于光波长调谐的传感器工作点控制技术；深入研究了晶体压电效应对电场传感器的影响，推导给出了电磁场与声场间的耦合波方程，并从理论上提出了可通过将传感器衬底设计为梯形结构来消除谐振的方法。实验测试得出，研制的光波导电场传感器带宽从50 Hz到12 GHz；可准确测量微秒级、纳秒级电磁脉冲的时域波形；传感器时域最小可电场为600 V/m，最大可测电场大于240 kV/m。.通过采用本项目研制的集成光波导强电场传感器，实现了长空气间隙放电暂态强电场的时域测量，为高电压等领域暂态强电场的时域测量提供了一种新的技术手段。